Each person is characterized by a certain somatotype, which is formed at the early stages of ontogenesis and remains constant throughout life. Currently, the somatic constitution of a person is becoming increasingly important in predicting the course and risks of diseases of various organ systems. There are theoretical and clinical materials on somatotypological features of the course of diseases of the digestive system. The literature review of data that affect the violation of the proper functioning of the organs of the hepatobiliary region, depending on the somatotype and anthropometric indicators.

The aim of the study was to investigate the patterns of three-dimensional quantitative organization of the renal artery branches in relation to the elements of the renal pelvicalyceal system in men. The study was conducted on 58 corrosion preparations of arterial vessels and renal pelvicalyceal structures obtained from men with postmortem age intervals from 22 to 75 years. As a result of the morphological study, a spatial and quantitative characteristic was given to different variants of renal artery branching, with an emphasis on their transformation into secondary vascular branches classified as zonal arteries. Additionally, a detailed analysis of the topographic and anatomical relationship between the intraorgan arterial branches of the renal artery and the excretory segments of the kidney was carried out, which made it possible to clarify the features of their spatial organization. Knowledge of the spatial arrangement of the arterial branches of the kidney, which directly correlates with the variable features of its renal pelvicalyceal apparatus and excretory system segments, opens the way to predicting potential obstacles during surgical procedures, especially during nephrolithotomy.

This study was conducted to compare the semen microbial composition using real-time PCR in patients with asthenozoospermia and normozoospermia. The semen microbial composition was assessed by real-time PCR (Androflor kit, DNA-Technology, Russia) in 242 patients with asthenozoospermia (AS) and 377 patients with normozoospermia (NS). The microbial DNA (as total bacterial load, TBL) in quantity of at least 10³ GE/ml was detected in 268 (71.1 %) of 377 semen samples with NS and 185 (76.4 %) of 242 semen samples with AS. According to cluster analysis, the microbiota of positive samples was represented by one of eight stable microbial clusters with predominance of a certain group of bacteria. In asthenozoospermia a cluster dominated by Lactobacillus spp. was determined significantly more often, and among the identified individual groups of bacteria Bacteroides spp. / Porphyromonas spp. / Prevotella spp., Megasphaera spp. / Veillonella spp. / Dialister spp., and Lactobacillus spp. were detected significantly more often in comparison with normozoospermia.

Stress can disrupt bidirectional communication within the framework of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, including affecting the microbiological landscape and morphofunctional state of the mucous membrane of the colon. In this work we studied the ability of the peptide Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro (tuftsin-pgp) to correct the state of stress-induced dysbiosis in doses of 80, 250 and 750 pg/kg. The increase in the specific content, frequency of occurrence and relative average value of opportunistic bacteria of control stressed animals noted in the study with a decrease in the number and proportion of obligate bacteria indicated active colonization of the mucous membrane of the colon by them. Administration of tuftsin-pgp dose-dependently changed the qualitative and quantitative composition of the studied biotope microbiota. We found out that the most pronounced positive effect on the signs of stress-induced dysbiosis was the administration of the peptide at a dose of 250 pg/kg.

The new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. The main approach to COVID-19 therapy should be the proactive administration of treatment before the development of a complete symptom complex of life-threatening conditions, including acute respiratory distress syndrome. The use of a selective and reversible inhibitor of janus kinase 1 and 2 prevents viral endocytosis, reduces excessive inflammatory response. The purpose of the study - to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of the Janus kinase inhibitor of the drug Baricitinib (Olumiant, manufacturer Lilly del Caribe Inc., Spain) in the treatment of patients with moderate COVID-19 in a hospital setting. During the clinical use of Baricitinib, significant positive changes were obtained compared with the initial level of vital signs and laboratory data. Significant positive changes in the following indicators were obtained: oxygen saturation increased (from 95.3 ± 4.0 to 97.5 ± 3.2 %, p = 0.011), body temperature decreased (from 37.3 ± 0.7 to 36.7 ± 0.5 °C, p = 0.000), C-reactive protein decreased (from 47.1 ± 46.0 to 32.5 ± 41.7 g/l, p = 0.010), the number of platelets increased (from 178.0 ± 59.5 to 249.5 ± 84.5; p = 0.000), when assessing the condition of patients in points on the NEWS-2 scale positive dynamics (from 1.6 ± 1.2 to 1.1 ± 1.3, p = 0.001). The level of C-reactive protein increased simultaneously with an increase in interleukin-6, an increase to 200.0 ± 6.2 pg/ml was recorded. The positive dynamics is an increase in the number of lymphocytes to 2.0 • 10⁹/l. By the end of inpatient treatment, ferritin levels had normalized to reference values of 27.7±2.1 mmol/l and D-dimer to the upper limit of normal. Positive dynamics of changes on the CT scan of the chest organs in the form of a decrease in infiltration. According to the combination of changes in clinical, laboratory signs and CT scan results, the therapy of patients was effective.

Professional oral hygiene is an important part of measures aimed at preventing and maintaining the patient’s health. Local immune response is the first barrier of immune protection capable of preventing infection diseases. The aim of the study - the influence of professional hygiene on the indicators of local immunity has been studied. The study involved two groups of patients: the first group included 19 individuals with chronic caries of varying depths (class I), and the second group comprised 15 individuals with moderate periodontal disease. To evaluate nonspecific oral protection, the index of natural colonization of the buccal epithelium and the activity of microbial adsorption by oral mucosal cells were assessed. Specific immunity was evaluated by measuring the concentration of immunoglobulins in unstimulated saliva. All indicators were recorded both before and after professional oral hygiene procedures. When studying the index of natural colonization of the buccal epithelium, it was found that professional cleaning in both groups led to normalization of the spectrum of bacteria adhered to the epithelium: there was a decrease in the amount of gram-negative microflora, atypical for this biotope, while maintaining a high adhesion index of gram-positive cocci. In persons with caries, before sanation, “unsatisfactory” resistance of oral mucosa was revealed in a third of the examined, after sanation, the number of such patients decreased by 3 times, with “satisfactory” resistance increased by 2 times. In the group with periodontal disease, all patients exhibited “unsatisfactory” mucosal resistance before the hygiene procedures. After sanitation, 20 % “unsatisfactory” resistance persisted. In the majority of patients (80 %), the resistance of the oral mucosa improved to “satisfactory”. The concentration of all classes of immunoglobulins in both groups before sanitation was significantly below the norm, after the measures taken, the indicators increased significantly and reached the level typical for healthy individuals. Carrying out professional cleaning of the teeth leads to the normalization of local immune status even without additional medical immunocorrection.

During an in-depth analysis of the management of patients of older age groups, another equally important category of the population is overlooked - patients of the second period of adulthood. In no case should this period of life be missed, especially in relation to women. It is in this age period that the menopause process occurs, which determines the further involutive restructuring of the reproductive system in particular and the entire body as a whole. It is advisable to study the morphological dynamics of the fallopian tubes, which are a key link in the female reproductive system. Objective: in a comparative aspect, to analyze the parameters of the outer diameter of the isthmus, ampoule and funnel of the fallopian tubes in women who gave birth in the first and second periods of adulthood according to the sectional study and calculate the correlation relationship. The study was performed on autopsy material in the period 2018-2022, the analysis of the results of morphometry of both fallopian tubes of 49 deceased women who gave birth at the age of 22-56 years was carried out. Group I included 26 women of the first period of adulthood (22-35 years old), group II included 23 women of the second period of adulthood (36-56 years old). The outer diameter of the fallopian tube funnel was determined using a micrometer after their isolation from the pelvic cavity. Having determined the size of the semicircle of the pipe, their diameter was calculated. The tendency to the predominance of the parameters of the outer diameter of the fallopian tubes in the second period of adulthood in comparison with the representatives of the first period of adulthood (p > 0.05) has been established. Thus, the outer diameter from the first period of adulthood to the second period at the isthmus site increases by 4.5 % in the right fallopian tube and by 6.25 % in the left fallopian tube, at the ampoule site - by 1 and 0.7 %, respectively, and at the funnel site - by 3.1 and 4.2 %, respectively. The tendency to the prevalence of parameters in each studied section of the right fallopian tube over similar ones in the left (p > 0.05) is determined. The results obtained during the sectional examination of the autopsy material can form the basis for studying the age-related anatomy of the fallopian tubes. The data form the basis for further clinical and morphological studies, as well as provide an understanding of the age characteristics of various sections of the fallopian tubes for the application of this information in practical medicine, for example, in the differential diagnosis of pathological conditions.

Objective: the purpose of the work is assessment of the possibility of using instrumental assay to record the results of the latex test in the detection of pathogenic burkholderia. Monoclonal based latex agglutination test was prepared according to a previously developed technique. The latex agglutination test results were obtained using a “Nikon Eclipse TE 2000-U HMC/System microscope”, as w ell as the video-digital hardware-software com plex “Expert-lab”. The results of an objective assessment of the latex agglutination test were obtained using statistical analysis. The use of “Nikon Eclipse” microscope for visual accounting of microagglutination increased the sensitivity of the latex test to 1•10⁷ CFU/ml. The “Expert-lab” make arrangements for quantitative assessment of the scanned image of the latex test results, which makes it possible to determine the threshold values for discrimination between positive and negative samples. Objective information about the presence or absence of agglutination is recorded. Numerical values of the latex test intensity between samples and controls are compared using system software. Also we can a possibility to save protocols and images of the study, to archive the obtained data. The use of “Nikon Eclipse TE 2000-U HMC/System” microscope for visual recording of the results and on the “Expert-lab” video digital system for objective evaluation of data when searching for pathogenic burkholderia allow s us to document and to archive the data obtained, to conduct in-laboratory quality control of studies and increase the sensitivity of the latex-agglutination reaction.

At the moment there is a rapid increase in the number of children with myopia, including high degree, which undoubtedly leads to further disability of the population. This problem is more relevant for developing and developed countries. Purpose of the study: to carry out a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the effect of phenylephrine instillations on the accommodative apparatus of the eye in comparison with the combination of tropicamide and phenylephrine in children with mild myopia. The study analyzed the results of examination of 2 groups of children. At the initial examination, as well as after a course of drug therapy for 1 month. The following parameters were evaluated: determination of uncorrected visual acuity, spherical correction index, autorefractometry, relative accommodation reserve, relative accommodation volume and absolute accommodation volume. In the first group, which included 76 children (152 eyes), phenylephrine 2.5 % injections were performed once a day for 1 month. In the second group, which included 24 children (48 eyes), tropicamide 0.8 % in combination with phenylephrine 5 % 1 time a day for 1 month was administered. The analysis of the obtained data revealed positive dynamics to the improvement of uncorrected visual acuity, reduction of the index of spherical correction required to achieve the maximum corrected visual acuity. The reserves of relative accommodation, the volume of relative and absolute accommodation in both studied groups increased. However, the data obtained in the study of the second group, where the effect of tropicamide 0.8% in combination with phenylephrine 5% in the form of instillations was investigated.

The main principle of the treatment of bronchial asthma is rational basic therapy, with priority appointment of inhaled glucocorticosteroids. The basis of the effectiveness of treatment is determined by the correct choice of the form of drug delivery, training the patient in inhalation skills and constant monitoring of the correct use of the inhaler. The article demonstrates the clinical observation of the formation of asthmatic status in a child with mild bronchial asthma. The deterioration of the condition and severe exacerbation was caused by insufficient intake of basic therapy funds into the respiratory tract due to improper inhalation techniques due to the patient's lack of skills in using an inhaler. At the same time, the patient was not trained and the necessary control over the correctness of the inhalation technique was not carried out at the outpatient stage.

Theoretical data on etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations of triploidy, life expectancy of children in case of live-birth with this chromosomal anomaly are presented. A clinical case of a triploidy in a child is described. The girl was born from the first pregnancy from young healthy parents. Parents are not close relatives. Pregnancy was complicated with anemia, recurrent threats of miscarriage, progressive lack of water, progressive violation of uteroplacental blood flow and delay in fetal development. A congenital heart defect was diagnosed prenatally. The girl was born at 38 weeks of pregnancy with low indicators of physical development by caesarean section. Multiple developmental anomalies and malformations were revealed after birth. Combined congenital heart disease was confirmed by instrumental examination. Karyotyping revealed karyotype 69, ХХХ. Dynamic observation revealed that the child's age-related skills were not formed. Epileptic seizures occurred from the age of 4 months. The seizures had a status course. Surgical correction of congenital heart disease was performed in two stages: at 4.5 months and at 9.5 months in this patient. A fatal outcome occurred with an increase in multiple organ failure at the age of 10 months. The features of the clinical case, the possibilities of prenatal diagnosis of triploidy are analyzed.

Mediastinal tumors include a wide range of benign and malignant neoplasms. The latter in the early stages are characterized by a long latent course and carry a significant threat of com pression and / or invasion of vital organs of the mediastinum. The complexity of their diagnosis is complemented by a mixed clinical picture, similar to other somatic diseases. Considering all of the above, mediastinal tumors are an urgent problem for the modem oncological community, they require improving knowledge and gaining experience in their surgical and conservative treatment. Mesenchym al tumors of the mediastinum make up a small part of tumors of the mediastinal space, and the low incidence of neoplasm s of this anatomical localization dictates the need for an interdisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of mesenchym al tumors of the mediastinal space. A clinical case of the disease is considered, an effective and radical surgical treatment method is demonstrated. The asymptomatic course of the early stages of the disease, as w ell as the relatively low effectiveness of surgical intervention in the late period of oncogenesis, dictates the need to search for new approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of mediastinal tumors.