Information from the scientific literature on risk factors for ovarian and breast tumours in adolescent girls is summarized. The main risk factors for ovarian tumours include exposure to teratogens and hormonal disorders, and mammary glands include gynecological and endocrine diseases, a hereditary predisposition. In addition, the likelihood of the formation of reproductive tumours in adolescent girls is determined by their lifestyle and environmental conditions.

The work is based on the results of histological and immunohistochemical studies performed on the sectional material of 87 corpses (41 men and 46 women). All the material studied was divided into two groups: 39 young deaths (20 men and 19 women who died at the age of 23-27 years) and 48 older deaths (23 men and 25 women who died at the age of 70-76 years). A comparative analysis of morphological characteristics of cerebral cortex and cerebellum tissues was carried out. In an immunohistochemical analysis of the samples, a panel of antibodies to glial fibrillar acid protein and neuron-specific enolase was used. It was established that with age neurodegenerative changes appear in the studied brain tissues: the transformation of the shape of neurons and shortening of their processes, the appearance of shadow cells. In the cerebral cortex, like the cerebellum, the growth of astroglia immunopositive to glial fibrillar acid protein is noted with age.The number of immunopositive NSE neurons at young and old age in the cerebral cortex has no statistically significant difference. A decrease in the number of Purkinje cell bodies immunopositive to the NSE protein (p < 0.01) was detected in the cerebellar cortex. Thus, the established pattern of age-related variability of cytoarchitectonics of the cortex of the large brain and cerebellum is of interest for diagnostic and therapeutic work, and this morphological picture in old age can serve as the equivalent of the norm.

The frequency of development of “clinical” and “laboratory” resistance to the components of double antiplatelet therapy (acetylsalicylic acid 75/100 mg / day and clopidogrel 75 mg / day) in patients with coronary heart disease after planned transluminal balloon angioplasty with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was studied. The study of platelet stability was carried out in native blood 30 min after blood sampling using an aggregatogram, on which the area under the aggregation curve (ACU) was estimated. Sample preparation was not required. The results of a retrospective analysis of the incidence of “laboratory” and “clinical” resistance to the components of dual antiplatelet therapy showed that “laboratory” resistance in patients with coronary heart disease was 25,32 %. In 1/3 of these patients, “clinical” resistance was also revealed, accompanied by ischemic events. The predisposing factors of resistance to the components of dual antiplatelet therapy are: diabetes mellitus 2 type and obesity. Thus, in patients with with ischemic heart disease who underwent elective transluminal balloon angioplasty with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, who are overweight and diabetes mellitus 2 type, sensitivity to the components of dual antiplatelet therapy should be determined to reduce the risk of postoperative complications.

In the literature, there is evidence of the association of the ABO blood group with the risk of cancer, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases, bleeding and thrombosis. The aim of the work is to study the relationship of blood group and Rh factor with the frequency of new coronavirus infection. Materials and methods. The study included 117 patients diagnosed with a new coronavirus infection; the age of patients was 43,52 ± 2,31 years. The diagnosis of «COVID-19» was verified on the basis of epidemiological history, clinical picture, PCR results. Blood type and Rhesus factor were determined using gel diagnostic cards («Diagnostic Grifols», Spain) on the analyzer «Wadiana Compact» («Diagnostic Grifols», Spain). The results of the study did not reveal a relationship between the blood group and the frequency of COVID-19, as well as between the blood group and the course of COVID-19. At the same time , people with A(II) and 0(I) blood groups and positive Rh factor were significantly more often diagnosed with COVID-19, then those with B(III) and AB(IV).

The article highlights the clinical and laboratory features of the course of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, which arose in organized groups on the territory of the Middle Volga region, in 26 patients who were treated in the infectious diseases department of the branch No. 4 of the FSBI “426 VG” of the Ministry of Defense of Russia (Syzran). Organizational and epidemiological problems and directions of their solution in terms of prevention of infection with hemorrhagic fever viruses with the renal syndrome of persons in organized groups and performing their official duties in a locally endemic hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome are considered.

Objective: To study the effect of glyprolinesThr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro (Selank), Pro-Gly-Pro and Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu on the level of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in serum blood of white rats under conditions of “social” stress. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 90 male white rats of 6 months of age. Sensory contact with the subsequent formation of aggressive and submissive types of behaviour was used as an experimental model of “social” stress. Laboratory animals, taking into account the gradation by types of behaviour, were divided into groups (n = 10): a group of control / intact animals; a group of rats exposed to “social” stress for 20 days (stress); groups of individuals who received the compounds Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro (Selank), Pro-Gly-Pro, Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu at a dose of 100 μg / kg/day intraperitoneally from the 1st day of stress exposure to a course of 20 days. The BDNF level in the blood serum of white rats was assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using ELISA Kit for Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (USA). Results and conclusion. It was found that under the conditions of “social” stress, a decrease in the level of BDNF was observed. The introduction of the studied glyprolines (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro (Selank), Pro-Gly-Pro, Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu) under conditions of induced “social” stress increases the concentration of BDNF in the blood serum of experimental animals which indicates the effect of neuropeptides on the level of neurotrophins of the BDNF class and suggests a possible mechanism of the antistress effect.

Highlighted the problem of adherence to treatment of HIV-infected and tuberculosis patients using data from literary sources. Described a clinical case of tuberculosis in an HIV-infected child, given reasons that contributed to the development of coinfection, highlighted the features of the course of the disease and its outcome