Echinococcosis is a common parasitic disease, registered in many regions of the world, causing interest in surgical practice. A radical treatment for this disease is surgical. Radical methods include: pericystectomy, open echinococcectomy and closed echinococcectomy. One of the least traumatic and life-threatening methods is open echinococcectomy. But at the same time, surgeons in practice face long-term non-healing residual cavities, which lead to secondary purulent complications, as a result of which the postoperative hospital bed increases, the periods of temporary disability and the risk of disability increase.

This review presents the results of a current study of the anthrax pathogen obtained using omics technologies. The main achievements in the field of genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, interaсtomics, and metabolomics of Bacillus anthracis as a result of the use of omics technologies are described. The connection of the development of omics technologies and bioinformatics are discussed; further prospects and problems in this area are reflected.

Adhesive activity and germination intensity of Fusarium, as well as bacterial-fungal interaction, have been studied. 27 strains were selected - 15 strains of F. verticillioides and 12 strains of F. oxysporum, isolated from patients from different areas of lesion. The obtained data confirm the presence of more pronounced pathogenic species among Fusarium, which emphasizes the importance of species identification. Analysis of the bacterial-fungal interaction showed that Fusarium, depending on the species, has different symbiotic and antagonistic activity when interacting with bacterial flora. The belonging of clinical strains to certain species and determination of the composition of microbial flora is one of the criteria for doctors in predicting the clinic of disease and mycotic complications.

The article reviews the features of the IL-4, IL-5 production, eosinophilic cationic protein, IgE total in patients who also suffer from inflammatory diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract and allergic rhinitis. 225 patients aged 18 to 40 years were examined. It was revealed that the level of IL-4, IL-5 and immunoglobulin E total in serum was reduced in the case of Helicobacter pylori infection. It was shown that increased values of eosinophil cationic protein in Helicobacter pylori-negative patients were detected more often than in healthy patients. The results of the study prove that Helicobacter pylori infection contributes to the inhibition of the Th2-type immune response.

The evolution of all forms of life on Earth is associated with two fundamental properties - heredity and variability. This definition suggests that under the influence of both exogenous and endogenous factors, heredity is variable.Due to the diversity of allele frequencies of homozygotes, the studied and proven phenotypic picture of the disease often changes. Such changes are inherent in erosive and ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum. Violations of cytokine regulation of immune inflammation are reduced to the study of polymorphisms of their genes.The paper clarifies the effect of VNTR 2 intron polymorphism of the IL-1Ra gene on the course of chronic erosive gastroduodenitis and duodenal ulcer in children. The genotype 2/2+2/3 and its effect on the phenotypic changes of erosive gastroduodenitis and duodenal ulcer were analyzed. The results obtained can serve as additional criteria for diagnosing and predicting the course of the disease.

To assess the etiological factor of inflammation in patients with chronic endometritis, 122 patients of reproductive age were examined based on the results of a microbiological study of the endometrium and its sensitivity to antibacterial agents. The main group was 101 patients with immunohistochemical signs of chronic endometritis, the comparison group was 21 women without chronic endometritis. Reproductive disorders were significantly more common in patients with chronic endometritis - 68 (67,33 %), compared with 3 (14,29 %) patients of the comparison group (χ2 = 18,85; p < 0,001). The growth of microorganisms in material from the uterine cavity is obtained at 60 (59,41 %) women of the main group, 41 (40,59 %) etiological factor of inflammation is not founded in 4 (3,96 %) identified a mixed inflammatory factor. In the comparison group, microorganisms in the uterine cavity were determined 3,11 times less frequently - in 4 (19,05 %) cases (χ2 = 11,35, p = 0,001). In the main group, 42 (41,58 %) patients showed massive growth of microorganisms, in the comparison group, all patients had poor growth (χ2 = 11,37, p = 0,001). There was a high frequency of resistance of microorganisms in patients of both groups to penicillins, macrolides, in patients with chronic endometritis to tetracycline, clindamycin. It should be noted that 41 (40,59 %) patients of the main group etiological factor of inflammation are not founded , antibacterial therapy in this case will not be effective and may lead to the antibiotic resistance. Thus, the choice of antibacterial therapy for chronic endometritis should be based on the results of microbiological examination of the endometrium, taking into account drug resistance.

In total, 104 patients with acute coronary syndrome were examined, from which 63 patientshad acute myocardial infarction and 41 patients had unstable angina, 15 patients with first-time angina and 26 patients with progressive angina. Among patients with acute MI, there were patients with non-Q wave and Q-wave MI, and patients with uncomplicated and complicated myocardial infarction. Among the complications, there were registered pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock. Also, 20 somatically healthy individuals were examined as a control group. The level of transferrin was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. As a result of the study, it was found that in all patients with acute coronary syndrome, the level of transferrin was statistically significantly lower than in somatically healthy individuals. The highest percentage of patients with normotransferrinemia was in the group of patients with first-time angina and accounted 60 %. In the group of patients with myocardial infarction there were the smallest percentage of patients with normotransferrinemia, which was 8 % compared to 92 % with hypotransferrinemia. At the same time, normotransferrinemia was found both in patients with non-Q wave myocardial infarction (17 %) and in patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction (10 %). In patients with Q-wave myocardial infarction, with complicated myocardial infarction, and among patients with life-threatening myocardial infarction complications-pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock, patients with normotransferrinemia were not detected.

Gaucher disease belongs to the group of hereditary orphandiseases. The frequency of the Gaucher disease in the general population is 1 : 40 000 - 1 : 70 000. Gaucher disease is a rare autosomal recessive disease, therefore it is more often observed in siblings and is caused by a hereditary deficiency of the hydrolytic enzyme - glucocerebrosidase. Red blood cells and white blood cells, which completed their life cycle with physiological apoptosis in ordinary places of phagocytosis (spleen, liver, lungs), are the sites of accumulation of glucocerebrosides. When their lipid membrane is broken down, glucocerebrosides are released. Deficiency of the glucocerebrosidase enzyme leads to the accumulation of glucocerebroside in the cells of phagocytic mononuclear cells, which leads to the formation of specific Gaucher cells. The article analyzes all diagnosed cases of Gaucher disease in the Astrakhan region.