NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS IN THE REGULATION AND DIAGNOSTICS OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS

Neurotrophic factors are involved in the regulation of growth, development, differentiation and survival of nerve cells, as well as in the processes of their adaptation to exogenous effects. A nerve growth factor is the dominant neurotrophic factor that acts on sympathetic and sensory neurons and provides trophic support for the basal forebrain neurons. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor - one of the most studied neurotrophic factors of the central nervous system, can cause the growth of neurons, axons and dendrites, and is also involved in the formation of synapses. Many mental and neurodegenerative disorders are associated with altered levels of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and altered expression of their receptors. It has also been shown that both excessive and insufficient expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor is observed not only in children with neurodegenerative and mental disorders but also in elderly people suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Elevated levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, obviously, play a compensatory trophic role for the survival of neurons in the development of neurodegenerative disorders.

neurotrophins, synapses, nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurodegenerative diseases, cholinergic neurons, low molecular weight mimetics, neurogenesis

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