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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">astmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Астраханский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Astrakhan medical journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-6499</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО Астраханский ГМУ Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17021/2020.15.1.48.57</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">astmed-65</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>НЕЙРОТРОФИЧЕСКИЕ ФАКТОРЫ В РЕГУЛЯЦИИ И ДИАГНОСТИКЕ НЕЙРОДЕГЕНЕРАТИВНЫХ РАССТРОЙСТВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS IN THE REGULATION AND DIAGNOSTICS OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каширская</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashirskaya</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">agma@astranet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логинов</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loginov</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">agma@astranet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мавлютова</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mavlyutova</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">agma@astranet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Астраханский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Astrakhan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каширская Е.И., Логинов П.В., Мавлютова Е.Б., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каширская Е.И., Логинов П.В., Мавлютова Е.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kashirskaya E.I., Loginov P.V., Mavlyutova E.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.astmedj.ru/jour/article/view/65">https://www.astmedj.ru/jour/article/view/65</self-uri><abstract><p>Нейротрофические факторы участвуют в регуляции роста, развития, дифференцировки и выживания нервных клеток, а также в процессах их адаптации к экзогенным воздействиям. Фактор роста нервов является доминирующим нейротрофическим фактором, действующим на симпатические и сенсорные нейроны и обеспечивающим трофическую поддержку нейронов базального переднего мозга. Нейротрофический фактор мозга – один из наиболее изученных нейротрофических факторов центральной нервной системы, способен вызвать рост нейронов, аксонов и дендритов, участвует в формировании синапсов. Многие психические и нейродегенеративные расстройства связаны с изменением уровней фактора роста нервов и нейротрофического фактора мозга и с измененной экспрессией их рецепторов. Введение фактора роста нервов частично снижает холинергическую атрофию у пожилых грызунов. Также показано, что как избыточная, так и недостаточная экспрессия нейротрофического фактора мозга отмечается не только у детей с нейродегенеративными и психическими расстройствами, но и у пожилых людей, страдающих болезнью Альцгеймера. Повышенные уровни нейротрофического фактора мозга, очевидно, выполняют компенсаторную трофическую роль для выживания нейронов в условиях развития нейродегенеративных нарушений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Neurotrophic factors are involved in the regulation of growth, development, differentiation and survival of nerve cells, as well as in the processes of their adaptation to exogenous effects. A nerve growth factor is the dominant neurotrophic factor that acts on sympathetic and sensory neurons and provides trophic support for the basal forebrain neurons. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor - one of the most studied neurotrophic factors of the central nervous system, can cause the growth of neurons, axons and dendrites, and is also involved in the formation of synapses. Many mental and neurodegenerative disorders are associated with altered levels of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and altered expression of their receptors. It has also been shown that both excessive and insufficient expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor is observed not only in children with neurodegenerative and mental disorders but also in elderly people suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Elevated levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, obviously, play a compensatory trophic role for the survival of neurons in the development of neurodegenerative disorders.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейротрофины</kwd><kwd>синапсы</kwd><kwd>фактор роста нервов</kwd><kwd>нейротрофический фактор мозга</kwd><kwd>нейродегенеративные заболевания</kwd><kwd>холинэргические нейроны</kwd><kwd>низкомолекулярные миметики</kwd><kwd>нейрогенез</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neurotrophins</kwd><kwd>synapses</kwd><kwd>nerve growth factor</kwd><kwd>brain-derived neurotrophic factor</kwd><kwd>neurodegenerative diseases</kwd><kwd>cholinergic neurons</kwd><kwd>low molecular weight mimetics</kwd><kwd>neurogenesis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Биохимия мозга / под ред. И. П. Ашмарина, П. В. Стукалова, Н. Д. 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