Nasal microbiota in multiple sclerosis

Abstract

The study of the role of microbiota in various neurodegenerative diseases is expanding, In this case, the microflora of the nose can be involved in the pathological process through the “nose – brain” pathway. Analysis of the nasal microbiota in patients with multiple sclerosis may provide insight into the progression of the disease and develop new approaches to improving the effectiveness of treatment and preventive measures. The purpose of the study. To analyze the microbiota of the nasal cavity depending on the duration of the course of multiple sclerosis and its clinical manifestations. Materials and methods. 96 рatients with multiple sсlerosis and 40 рraсtically healthy individuals in the сomрarison grouр were examined using clinical and bacteriological methods. A comparative study of the nature of the nasal microflora was carried out depending on the duration of the disease, the age of the patients and the level of disability. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out by calculating the Pearson agreement criterion χ² using the “Statistica 12.0” program. The results of the study. In patients with multiple sclerosis, a significant change in the qualitative characteristics of the nasal microbiota was found, manifested by a significant increase in the colonization properties of opportunistic microorganisms of the species Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli. Increased representation of more pathogenic microorganisms (coagulase-positive staphylococcus, hemolytic escherichiae) in patients with significant neurological lesions. The conducted studies demonstrate significant changes in the nasal microbiota in patients with a clinically pronounced disease, characterizing the “nose – brain” relationship. Conclusion. The nasal mucosal microbiome in multiple sclerosis has unique characteristics, and the prevalence of opportunistic bacteria correlates with the duration of the disease and the severity of symptoms. The potential benefits of correcting these abnormalities require further study.