A literature review is presented reflecting the problem of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, which is particularly relevant during the newborn period. The question of vitamin D metabolism is considered. An overview of scientific studies proving its positive effect on the state of bone tissue is given, as well as the multivector of noncalcemic effects of this micronutrient and the development of perinatal complications in case of its deficiency.

Respiratory diseases occupy a leading position among all diseases. The same trend was noted in pediatric practice, where their share is more than 60 %. At the same time, in the structure of morbidity, the following series can be built: chronic diseases of the tonsils and adenoids (3612,9 per 100000 child population), bronchial asthma (1189,4), acute pneumonia (814,3), chronic pharyngitis and nasopharyngitis (662,7), allergic rhinitis (448,8), chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema (204,3). In recent decades, there has been an increase in the prevalence of chronic bronchopulmonary pathology in children, including bronchial asthma, the frequency of which in children reaches 10%. The incidence of chronic bronchitis occupies a small share in the structure of respiratory pathology, however, in terms of the severity of the course and the risk of developing disability in children and unfavorable outcomes, it is very significant. In addition, attention is drawn to the fact that in our country mortality from respiratory diseases (respiratory viral infections, influenza, pneumonia) in children under 1 year of age is exceeded, more than 10 times compared to economically developed countries. Keywords: Cough, interleukins, remodeling, bronchial hyperactivity, whooping cough For citation: Krasilova E. V., Bashkina O. A., Matsakova D. V., Samotrueva M. A. Respiratory diseases in children. Astrakhan Medical Journal. 2022; 17 (3): 13-22. doi: 10.48612/agmu/2022.17.3.13.22 (In Russ.).

Respiratory diseases occupy a leading position among all diseases. The same trend was noted in pediatric practice, where their share is more than 60 %. At the same time, in the structure of morbidity, the following series can be built: chronic diseases of the tonsils and adenoids (3612,9 per 100000 child population), bronchial asthma (1189,4), acute pneumonia (814,3), chronic pharyngitis and nasopharyngitis (662,7), allergic rhinitis (448,8), chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema (204,3). In recent decades, there has been an increase in the prevalence of chronic bronchopulmonary pathology in children, including bronchial asthma, the frequency of which in children reaches 10%. The incidence of chronic bronchitis occupies a small share in the structure of respiratory pathology, however, in terms of the severity of the course and the risk of developing disability in children and unfavorable outcomes, it is very significant. In addition, attention is drawn to the fact that in our country mortality from respiratory diseases (respiratory viral infections,14 influenza, pneumonia) in children under 1 year of age is exceeded, more than 10 times compared to economically developed countries

The article presents modern data on ultrasound diagnosis of adenomyosis. Various echographiccriterias of genital endometriosis are highlighted. The diagnostic accuracy of two dimensional transvaginal ultrasound examination (2D-TV) compared with threedimensional transvaginal ultrasound examination (3D-TV) has been conducted. The data of domestic and foreign studies, systematic reviews and meta analyses regarding the modern possibilities of ultrasound diagnosis of adenomyosis are presented. The review describes the most informative noninvasive markers for the diagnosis of adenomyosis, including dopplerometric indicators of volumetric parameters of blood flow (VI, FI, VFI)

In the sunset era of antibiotics, the relevance of creating dosage forms that have antibacterial activity is increasing. Antiburn therapy is one of the main consumers of compounds with local antibacterial activity. In this work, we studied the anhydrous form of the gel, a xerogel based on a neutral hydrosol of titanium dioxide, which is an alternative to hydrogels when creating wound coverings. Staphylococcus was selected as the test object for the study of antimicrobial activity. Staphylococcus aureus 209 P and Escherichia coli 292-116. The antibacterial properties of the drug were investigated by diffusion methods in agar and cell suspensions. In addition, an experiment was conducted on 30 Wistar rats to form anIIIB degree burn in the interscapular region. The animals were divided into 3 groups: the control group without treatment, the comparison group animals treated with argosulfan and the experimental group in which aluminium xerogel was applied to the animals. The number of colonies forming units (CFU) in 1 ml of separated wounds was established on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after modelling by counting macrocolonies grown on agarized and semi agarized growth media. It is shown that the drug has pronounced antibacterial properties against grampositive and gramnegative types of bacteria. The greatest effect on microorganisms can be achieved by diluting the drug no more than 1:1. bactericidal activity is based on the photocatalytic effect potentiated by the mesoporous structure of the xerogel. The skin application method, the use of a xerogel based on a neutral hydrosol of titanium dioxide as preparation for treating burn wounds, allows these concentrations to be achieved on the wound surface and does not involve significant dilution during use. Measurement data in an in vivo experiment demonstrate a prolonged antibacterial effect that increases treatment time.

Over the past years, there has been an increase in diseases caused by opportunistic microorganisms (OCP) all over the world. To identify them, various differential diagnostic nutrient media and microtest systems are used, the disadvantages of which are the duration of the study and significant material costs. The use of chromogenic nutrient media abroad since the second half of the last century has made it possible to solve this problem based on the identification of highly specific bacterial enzymes, which ensured the identification of the pathogen simultaneously with its isolation. The aim of the work was to assess the diagnostic efficiency of a new chromogenic nutrient medium for one-stage isolation and identification of UPM and the prospects for its introduction into microbiological laboratory practice. Research results. In the course of clinical trials of the new medium, it was determined that it is not inferior to the imported chromogenic nutrient medium HiCrome ™ UTI Agar / Modified (India) and is certainly superior in differentiating properties to the domestic commercial medium Endo. The developed environment is protected by a patent of the Russian Federation and awarded the Gold Medal of the European Competition of Inventions in Strasbourg.

Women's milk is the only physiologically adequate nutrition for a child from the first minutes of his life. The work aimed to study the prevalence of natural feeding of newborns in the Astrakhan region. Results of the study. According to the data obtained, 97,7 % of newborns are attached to the breast after birth. Not attached to the breast in total - 122 children, which amounted to 2,3 %. Not breastfed: small children with severe respiratory failure, from HIV-infected mothers, with severe intrauterine infection, usually congenital pneumonia, with severe central nervous system damage, with tuberculosis and refusal to breastfeed. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the need for further medical and organizational activities aimed at establishing, promoting and supporting breastfeeding

The aim of the study: analyze gynaecological pathology and study the reproductive potential of young women in Astrakhan and the Astrakhan region aged 18-29 years. Materials and methods. An analysis of gynaecological morbidity and an assessment of the reproductive potential of young women aged 18-29 years in the Astrakhan region were carried out based on statistical information from the Ministry of Health of the Astrakhan Region and market reports of medical institutions in Astrakhan for the period from 2019 to 2021. Research results. Evaluation of nosological forms of gynaecological pathology showed the predominance of inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs (47,9 %) and menstrual dysfunction (28,3 %). Neuroendocrine pathology is most often represented by dysfunction of the hypothalamus (22,3 %), obesity (9,5 %) and accounts for 27,2 % of the total morbidity.

In the article, the authors present the result of successful treatment of a patient with a liver hemangioma. The paper describes in detail the therapeutic and diagnostic tactics for this pathology. The clinical material is presented by a case from the practice of treating a patient, From anamnestic data, it was established that in March 2017. During the next examination conducted as part of the dispensary observation, an ultrasound examination revealed a formation in the left lobe of the liver. When establishing the diagnosis, we were guided by the implementation of the necessary laboratory and instrumental studies. Therapeutic tactics had a step-by-step approach. Endovascular intervention was performed at the first stage, hemihepatectomy on the left was performed at the second stage. After the treatment, the patient's condition improved. She was discharged in a satisfactory condition.

The article describes the features of the course and complications of infective endocarditis in a patient from the age of 7. The disease developed after a long stay of the catheter in the right atrium. After removal of the catheter, the disease was complicated by an infected hematoma and proceeded in waves. Clinical manifestations of myocarditis and pericarditis were noted. The patient was annually examined in the hospital, received courses of antibacterial and immunomodulatory therapy. In the future, he was admitted to the hospital with complaints of weakness, fatigue, decreased tolerance to physical exertion, periodic stabbing pains in the heart, headaches. Objectively noted: periodic cyanosis, tachycardia at rest, auscultatory signs of tricuspid valve insufficiency. According to Dopplexocardiography, changes in the heart did not progress.

In the above clinical observation, a patient was found to have stage 4 pancreatic head cancer with metastases to the lungs, kidneys, large omentum, peritoneum, and adrenal gland. A feature of this clinical case is a rare histotype of the tumor: lowgrade adenocarcinoma. A concomitant disease is a transferred new coronavirus infection COVID-19. The article briefly discusses the pathogenesis, risk factors for the development and treatment of inoperable pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this work is to analyze a clinical case of lowgrade pancreatic adenocarcinoma