Анализ резистентности Staphylococcus aureus в антибиотическую эпоху (литературный обзор)

Сегодня проблема устойчивости к противомикробным препаратам некоторых представителей грамположительных бактерий является одной из глобальных угроз здоровью населения. Более чем у 30 % населения определяется бессимптомное носительство Staphylococcus aureus на поверхности эпителия и слизистых оболочках, в 60 % случаев определяется его транзиторное носительство. Проблема заключается не только в повсеместной распространенности и высокой частоте выделения золотистого стафилококка, но и в нарастающем уровне лекарственной устойчивости S. aureus. Цель исследования – провести всесторонний анализ механизмов устойчивости Staphylococcus aureus к современным антибактериальным препаратам, учитывая широкое распространение резистентных форм этого патогена. Материалами и методами исследования послужили литературные обзоры последних достижений в области изучения молекулярных основ резистентности и взаимодействия стафилококков с различными классами антибиотиков, таких как β-лактамы, гликопептиды, фторхинолоны, а также новые подходы к созданию эффективных терапевтических стратегий. Результаты. Основные результаты обзора указывают на разнообразие механизмов, используемых Staphylococcus aureus для противостояния антибиотикам. Среди них выделяются способность производить β-лактамазы, разрушение структуры пептидогликана и адаптация клеточного метаболизма, позволяющая минимизировать влияние антибактериальных агентов. Сделан акцент на важности комбинирования антибиотиков разных групп, таких как β-лактамы и гликопептиды, для минимизации риска развития резистентности. Заключение. Представленная работа выявила необходимость дальнейшего изучения путей клеточного деления, синтеза нуклеиновых кислот и пептидогликана в качестве возможных точек приложения будущих антибактериальных препаратов. Особое внимание в работе уделено новому направлению – изучению ингибиторов биосинтеза жирных кислот и белка FtsZ, играющего ключевую роль в клеточном делении. Таким образом, исследование позволяет понять суть молекулярных процессов, лежащих в основе устойчивости Staphylococcus aureus, и формирует базу для дальнейших разработок инновационных подходов к терапии стафилококковых инфекций.

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