The influence of the functional state of the thyroid gland in iodine deficiency diseases on the course of pregnancy

The problem of iodine deficiency diseases in the country and the world remains quite relevant even now, despite the introduction of iodine enrichment products consumed by the population in some territories. Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of intellectual disabilities worldwide, which can be traced back to the prenatal period. The aim of the study to study the influence of the functional state of the thyroid gland in iodine deficiency diseases on the course of pregnancy. Materials and methods. A cohort cross-sectional comparative study of the reproductive, somatic, and pregnancy course of 152 women with single pregnancy delivered at the Altai Regional Clinical Perinatal Center (Barnaul) was conducted. The main group consisted of 94 women with iodine deficiency diseases, while 53 women had hypothyroidism (n = 53) and 41 women without thyroid dysfunction. The control group included 58 women living in the Altai Territory who were not at risk of natural iodine deficiency and had no thyroid disease detected before or during pregnancy. Results and discussion: the analysis of extragenital pathology revealed that patients of the main group, regardless of the functional state of the thyroid gland, were significantly more likely to be obese compared with women of the control group (57.4 and 13.8 %, respectively, p < 0.001), gestational diabetes mellitus (45.2 and 48.8 %, respectively, p < 0.001), iron deficiency anemia of pregnant women (42.6 and 7.0 %, respectively; p < 0.001). Among the complications of pregnancy, placental dysfunction, lack of water, an underweight fetus or a slowdown in fetal growth prevailed in the main group, regardless of the functional state). Fetal distress was most often observed in childbirth in patients with hypothyroidism. Conclusion. Thus, one of the possible ways to improve obstetric and perinatal outcomes in women with iodine deficiency diseases is pre-gravidar training, which should include not only an assessment of the structure and function of the thyroid gland, but also the identification of latent iron deficiency, metabolic disorders, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism with timely correction, selection of effective drug and non-drug treatment.

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