Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the population of people with diabetes in Astrakhan

   The purpose of the study: analysis of examination and treatment data of patients with diabetic retinopathy in the adult population of the city of Astrakhan.

   Materials and methods. The medical records of 1111 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus who were treated in the ophthalmological and endocrinological departments of the Aleksandro-Mariinsky Regional Clinical Hospital from January to August 2022 were studied. All patients were examined using standard clinical, laboratory, and instrumental examination methods.

   Research results. According to our data, in recent years, the incidence of diabetes mellitus among the adult population of Astrakhan has more than doubled. Of the 1111 examined patients, 185 were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (16,7 %), and the remaining 926 patients were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (83,3 %). The diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy of varying severity during the examination of patients with diabetes mellitus was established in 77 out of 185 examined patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (41,6 %) and in 665 out of 926 with diabetes mellitus type 2 (71,8 %). Thus, against the background of an increase in the incidence of diabetes, there is a tendency to reduce the incidence of diabetic retinopathy among the adult population of Astrakhan, which can be explained not only by the widespread use of transretinal laser photocoagulation and vitrectomy, but also by new methods for monitoring blood glucose, hypertension and serum lipids.

   Conclusion. Diabetic retinopathy is a highly specific vascular complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of retinopathy is closely related to the duration of diabetes. After 20 years of diabetes, almost all patients with type 1 diabetes and more than 60 % of patients with type 2 diabetes have some degree of retinopathy. The best screening method for diabetic retinopathy is an extended eye examination performed by an ophthalmologist. Modern ophthalmic diagnostic and treatment methods can prevent or delay the onset of diabetic retinopathy, as well as prevent vision loss in a significant proportion of diabetic patients.

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