The journal was first published in November 2006. Its first editor-in-chief was a surgeon-urologist, Doctor of Medical Sciences (1988), Professor (1990), Head of the Department of Urology and Nephrology (1989-2012), Vice-Rector for Research (1988-1993 and 1998-2002), Rector of the ASMA (2002-2007), President (2007-2011), Professor of the Department of Urology (2012), Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation (2002) Valentin Mikhailovich Miroshnikov. "Astrakhan Medical Journal" is published in printed and electronic forms with a frequency of 4 issues per year. Since 2010, the journal has been included in the list of periodic scientific and scientific-practical publications published in the Russian Federation and recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission for publishing research results of dissertations for scientific degrees.

The editor-in-chief of the journal for a long time (2015-2019) was an infectious disease doctor, doctor of medical sciences (1997), professor (1998), head of the department of infectious diseases and epidemiology (1990), vice-rector for scientific work (2003-2005), deputy Minister of Health of the Astrakhan Region (2005-2007), Rector of the Astrakhan Medical University (2007-2018), Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation (2007) and the Republic of Ingushetia (2010), Khalil Mingalievich Galimzyanov.

From 2020 to the present, the editorial board of the Astrakhan Medical Journal is headed by the Rector of the Astrakhan State Medical University, Head of the Department of Faculty Pediatrics, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Olga Aleksandrovna Bashkina.

Deputy Chairmen of the Editorial Board are Vice-Rector for Research and Innovation, Head of the Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Marina Aleksandrovna Samotruyeva and Head of the Technology and Innovation Support Center, Head of the Department of Microbiology and Virology, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Oleg Vasilyevich Rubalsky.

Since 2022, the head of the department of obstetrics and gynecology of the medical faculty, doctor of medical sciences, professor Sergey Petrovich Sinchikhin has been appointed editor-in-chief of the Astrakhan Medical Journal.