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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">astmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Астраханский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Astrakhan medical journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-6499</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО Астраханский ГМУ Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17021/1992-6499-2026-2-61-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">astmed-732</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммунологические аспекты нарушений репродуктивной функции при гипоталамо-гипофизарной дисфункции у молодых женщин (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunological aspects of reproductive dysfunction in hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in young women (a literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5476-7177</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салий</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salii</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Салий Марина Григорьевна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии лечебного факультета.</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina G. Salii - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department, Astrakhan State Medical University.</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vas1996len@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3541-4748</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сеидова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seidova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сеидова Алия Мурадовна - аспирант кафедры акушерства и гинекологии лечебного факультета, Астраханский ГМУ; врач акушер-гинеколог, ГБ № 3 им. С.М. Кирова.</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alia M. Seidova - postgraduate student, Astrakhan State Medical University; obstetrician-gynecologist, City hospital no. 3 named after Kirov.</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gaide24@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5371-8040</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сапуанова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sapuanova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сапуанова Надежда Анатольевна - ассистент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии лечебного факультета.</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda A. Sapuanova - Assistant of the Department, Astrakhan State Medical University.</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ngolov11@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Астраханский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Astrakhan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Астраханский государственный медицинский университет; Городская больница № 3 им. Кирова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Astrakhan State Medical University; City hospital no. 3 named after Kirov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Салий М.Г., Сеидова А.М., Сапуанова Н.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Салий М.Г., Сеидова А.М., Сапуанова Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Salii M.G., Seidova A.M., Sapuanova N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.astmedj.ru/jour/article/view/732">https://www.astmedj.ru/jour/article/view/732</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлен обзор современных данных о роли иммунных факторов в патогенезе нарушений репродуктивной функции при гипоталамо-гипофизарной дисфункции у молодых женщин. Рассмотрены механизмы взаимодействия гипоталамуса, жировой ткани и иммунной системы. Показано, что ожирение, сопровождающее гипоталамический синдром, в 80 % случаев индуцирует хроническое субклиническое воспаление, характеризующееся дисбалансом провоспалительных и противовоспалительных цитокинов, изменением популяционного состава В-лимфоцитов и макрофагов жировой ткани, гиперлептинемией и резистентностью к лептину. Описано многоуровневое негативное влияние иммунных нарушений на репродуктивную систему: от подавления секреции ГнРГ и нарушения чувствительности гипофиза до нарушения фолликулогенеза, снижения восприимчивости эндометрия и изменения иммунной толерантности. Особое внимание уделяется возрастному аспекту – пациентам в возрасте 18–25 лет, у которых последствия нейроиммуноэндокринных нарушений наиболее значимы для реализации репродуктивной функции. Перспективным направлением является разработка подходов к целенаправленной модуляции воспалительной реакции с целью восстановления фертильности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article provides an overview of current data on the role of immune factors in the pathogenesis of reproductive disorders in hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in young women. The mechanisms of interaction between the hypothalamus, adipose tissue and the immune system are considered. It has been shown that obesity accompanying hypothalamic syndrome in 80% of cases induces chronic subclinical inflammation characterized by an imbalance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, changes in the population composition of B-lymphocytes and macrophages of adipose tissue, hyperleptinemia and leptin resistance. A multilevel negative effect of immune disorders on the reproductive system is described: from suppression of GnRH secretion and impaired pituitary sensitivity to impaired folliculogenesis, decreased endometrial susceptibility and changes in immune tolerance. Special attention is paid to the age aspect – patients aged 18-25 years, in whom the effects of neuroimmunoendocrine disorders are most significant for the realization of reproductive function. A promising direction is the development of approaches to targeted modulation of the inflammatory response in order to restore fertility.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дисфункция гипоталамуса</kwd><kwd>репродуктивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>иммунные факторы</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hypothalamic dysfunction</kwd><kwd>reproductive disorders</kwd><kwd>immune factors</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bilbo S. D., Schwarz J. M. The immune system and developmental programming of brain and behavior // Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. 2012 Aug. Vol. 33 (3). P. 267–286. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.08.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bilbo S. D., Schwarz J. M. The immune system and developmental programming of brain and behavior. 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