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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">astmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Астраханский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Astrakhan medical journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-6499</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО Астраханский ГМУ Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17021/1992-6499-2026-2-26-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">astmed-729</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Инфекция, вызванная вирусом Эпштейна-Барр: от молекулярных основ патогенеза к персонализированным терапевтическим стратегиям</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epstein-Barr virus infection: from molecular basis of pathogenesis to personalized therapeutic strategies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5694-5394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касымова</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasymova</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Касымова Екатерина Башировна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры факультетской педиатрии.</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina B. Kasymova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department, Astrakhan State Medical University.</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katerina.kasymova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4168-4851</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Башкина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bashkina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Башкина Ольга Александровна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой факультетской педиатрии.</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Bashkina - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department, Astrakhan State Medical University.</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bashkina1@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Астраханский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Astrakhan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Касымова Е.Б., Башкина О.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Касымова Е.Б., Башкина О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kasymova E.B., Bashkina O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.astmedj.ru/jour/article/view/729">https://www.astmedj.ru/jour/article/view/729</self-uri><abstract><p>Вирус Эпштейна-Барр, инфицирующий более 95 % населения мира, представляет значительную угрозу для здоровья детей, являясь триггером широкого спектра патологий: от инфекционного мононуклеоза до онкологических и аутоиммунных заболеваний. В данном обзоре проанализированы современные эпидемиологические тенденции, демонстрирующие выраженную социоэкономическую зависимость динамики сероконверсии, которая проявляется феноменом «отсроченного инфицирования» в развитых странах, ассоциированным с повышенным риском манифестных форм. Детально освещены молекулярные механизмы персистенции и патогенеза вируса Эпштейна-Барр, включая стратегии иммунного ускользания и манипуляции сигнальными путями клетки-хозяина (NF-κB, JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt/mTOR), а также роль генетической предрасположенности в определении исходов инфекции. Особое внимание уделено современным и перспективным подходам к диагностике и терапии: количественному определению вирусной нагрузки, иммунофенотипированию, применению моноклональных антител (ритуксимаб, брентуксимаб ведотин), адоптивному трансферу вирус-специфических Т-лимфоцитов и ингибиторам сигнальных киназ (Syk, BTK, JAK, mTOR). Подчеркнута необходимость разработки профилактических вакцин на основе современных платформ (мРНК, наночастицы). Обоснован интегративный персонализированный подход к ведению пациентов, сочетающий вирусологический, иммунологический и генетический мониторинг для стратификации риска и выбора оптимальной стратегии вмешательства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Epstein-Barr virus, which infects more than 95 % of the world's population, poses a significant threat to the health of children, being a trigger for a wide range of pathologies - from infectious mononucleosis to cancer and autoimmune diseases. This review analyzes modern epidemiological trends that demonstrate a pronounced socioeconomic dependence of the dynamics of seroconversion, which is manifested by the phenomenon of “delayed infection” in developed countries, associated with an increased risk of manifest forms. The molecular mechanisms of Epstein-Barr virus persistence and pathogenesis are covered in detail, including immune evasion strategies and manipulation of host cell signaling pathways (NF-κB, JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt/mTOR), as well as the role of genetic predisposition in determining the outcome of infection. Particular attention is paid to modern and promising approaches to diagnostics and therapy: quantitative determination of viral load, immunophenotyping, the use of monoclonal antibodies (rituximab, brentuximab vedotin), adoptive transfer of virus-specific T-lymphocytes and inhibitors of signaling kinases (Syk, BTK, JAK, mTOR). The need to develop preventive vaccines based on modern platforms (mRNA, nanoparticles) is emphasized. An integrative personalized approach to patient care is substantiated, combining virological, immunological and genetic monitoring for risk stratification and selection of the optimal intervention strategy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус Эпштейна-Барр</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>иммунопатогенез</kwd><kwd>персонализированная терапия</kwd><kwd>инфекционный мононуклеоз</kwd><kwd>онкогенные вирусы</kwd><kwd>вирус-ассоциированные лимфопролиферативные заболевания</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>вакцинация</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>предиктивная медицина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Epstein-Barr virus</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>immunopathogenesis</kwd><kwd>personalized therapy</kwd><kwd>infectious mononucleosis</kwd><kwd>oncogenic viruses</kwd><kwd>virus-associated lymphoproliferative diseases</kwd><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>vaccination</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>predictive medicine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cohen J. 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