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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">astmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Астраханский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Astrakhan medical journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-6499</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО Астраханский ГМУ Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17021/1992-6499-2026-2-8-17</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">astmed-727</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль кателицидина LL-37 в патогенезе микробной экземы: механизмы иммунной дисрегуляции и перспективы терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Role of Cathelicidin LL-37 in the Pathogenesis of Microbial Eczema: Mechanisms of Immune Dysregulation and Therapy Perspectives</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4908-3492</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андреева Марина Алексеевна – аспирант.</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina A. Andreeva - postgraduate student, Astrakhan State Medical University.</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.marinaalekseevna@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8172-2421</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелепова</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelepova</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шелепова Татьяна Николаевна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры клинической иммунологии с курсом последипломного образования.</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana N. Shelepova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department, Astrakhan State Medical University.</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shelepovatn@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9787-3736</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Набиева</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nabieva</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Набиева Антонина Рамазановна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры клинической иммунологии с курсом последипломного образования.</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Antonina R. Nabieva - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department, Astrakhan State Medical University.</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nabiyeva-1981@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6766-079X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронина</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronina</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воронина Людмила Петровна - доктор медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой клинической иммунологии с курсом последипломного образования.</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ludmila P. Voronina - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department, Astrakhan State Medical University.</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voroninaluda74@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Астраханский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Astrakhan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Андреева М.А., Шелепова Т.Н., Набиева А.Р., Воронина Л.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андреева М.А., Шелепова Т.Н., Набиева А.Р., Воронина Л.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andreeva M.A., Shelepova T.N., Nabieva A.R., Voronina L.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.astmedj.ru/jour/article/view/727">https://www.astmedj.ru/jour/article/view/727</self-uri><abstract><p>Микробная (нуммулярная) экзема представляет собой распространенное хроническое воспалительное заболевание кожи, патогенез которого тесно связан с нарушением работы врожденного иммунитета и колонизацией Staphylococcus aureus. Несмотря на значительные успехи в понимании дерматозов, роль конкретных эффекторных молекул, в частности кателицидина LL-37, в переходе острого процесса в хронический остается недостаточно изученной, а существующие терапевтические подходы не всегда позволяют достичь стойкой ремиссии. Цель обзора: провести комплексный анализ молекулярных и клеточных механизмов участия антимикробного пептида кателицидина LL-37 в развитии и хронизации микробной экземы, а также оценить потенциальные терапевтические стратегии, направленные на модуляцию его активности. Материалы и методы: в обзоре проведен систематический анализ данных научной литературы за период 2010–2025 гг., отобранных из баз данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, КиберЛенинка и eLibrary. Использовались комбинации ключевых слов: «cathelicidin LL-37», «hCAP-18», «антимикробные пептиды», «микробная экзема», «нуммулярный дерматит», «Staphylococcus aureus», «патогенез экземы», «врожденный иммунитет кожи». Результаты. Установлено, что кателицидин LL-37 функционирует как ключевой молекулярный узел, интегрирующий нарушения эпидермального барьера, бактериальную колонизацию и хроническое иммунное воспаление при микробной экземе. Его роль характеризуется глубокой дуалистичностью. С одной стороны, интактный пептид обладает прямой бактерицидной активностью против Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), способствует заживлению ран и поддерживает гомеостаз кожи. С другой стороны, в условиях микробной экземы происходит его патологическая трансформация: протеолитическое расщепление бактериальными и собственными протеазами кожи приводит к генерации провоспалительных фрагментов (KS-30, RK-31), которые через активацию Toll-подобных рецепторов (TLR2/4) и пуринергического рецептора P2X7 индуцируют продукцию интерлейкина-1β, интерлейкина-6, интерферона-гамма и мощный хемотаксис нейтрофилов. Это создает самоподдерживающийся порочный круг воспаления. Дополнительным патогенетическим фактором выступает дисбаланс в системе антимикробных пептидов, в частности, относительный дефицит дермцидина и β-дефензинов. Заключение. Патогенез микробной экземы существенно зависит от дисрегуляции кателицидина LL-37, который трансформируется из защитного фактора в триггер хронического воспаления. Это смещает парадигму лечения от эмпирической антибиотикотерапии и кортикостероидов к таргетным подходам. Наиболее перспективными представляются стратегии, направленные на ингибирование специфических стафилококковых протеаз, блокаду провоспалительных рецепторов (TLR, P2X7), использование стабильных аналогов LL-37 и коррекцию общего баланса антимикробных пептидов. Разработка и внедрение таких методов может повысить эффективность контроля над резистентными и рецидивирующими формами заболевания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Microbial (nummular) eczema is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, the pathogenesis of which is closely linked to impaired innate immunity and colonization by Staphylococcus aureus. Despite significant advances in the understanding of dermatoses, the role of specific effector molecules, particularly cathelicidin LL-37, in the transition from an acute to a chronic process remains insufficiently studied, and existing therapeutic approaches do not always achieve sustained remission. Aim of the review: to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of involvement of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin LL-37 in the development and chronicity of microbial eczema, and to evaluate potential therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating its activity. Materials and methods: the review presents a systematic analysis of data from the scientific literature for the period 2010–2025, selected from the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CyberLeninka, and eLibrary. Combinations of key words were used: “cathelicidin LL-37”, “hCAP-18”, “antimicrobial peptides”, “microbial eczema”, “nummular dermatitis”, “Staphylococcus aureus”, “eczema pathogenesis”, “skin innate immunity”. Results. It has been established that cathelicidin LL-37 functions as a key molecular hub integrating epidermal barrier dysfunction, bacterial colonization, and chronic immune inflammation in microbial eczema. Its role is characterized by profound duality. On the one hand, the intact peptide has direct bactericidal activity against S. aureus, promotes wound healing, and supports skin homeostasis. On the other hand, under the conditions of microbial eczema, its pathological transformation occurs: proteolytic cleavage by bacterial and intrinsic skin proteases leads to the generation of pro-inflammatory fragments (KS-30, RK-31), which, through the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLR2/4) and the purinergic receptor P2X7, induce the production of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interferon-gamma, and potent neutrophil chemotaxis. This creates a self-sustaining vicious cycle of inflammation. An additional pathogenetic factor is an imbalance in the antimicrobial peptide system, in particular, a relative deficiency of dermcidin and β-defensins. Conclusion. The pathogenesis of microbial eczema significantly depends on the dysregulation of cathelicidin LL-37, which transforms from a protective factor into a trigger of chronic inflammation. This shifts the treatment paradigm from empirical antibiotic therapy and corticosteroids to targeted approaches. The most promising strategies appear to be those aimed at inhibiting specific staphylococcal proteases, blocking pro-inflammatory receptors (TLR, P2X7), using stable LL-37 analogs, and correcting the overall balance of antimicrobial peptides. The development and implementation of such methods could improve the efficacy of managing resistant and recurrent forms of the disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кателицидин LL-37</kwd><kwd>антимикробные пептиды</kwd><kwd>микробная экзема</kwd><kwd>нуммулярная экзема</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>иммунная дисрегуляция</kwd><kwd>Staphylococcus aureus</kwd><kwd>Toll-подобные рецепторы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cathelicidin LL-37</kwd><kwd>antimicrobial peptides</kwd><kwd>microbial eczema</kwd><kwd>nummular eczema</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>immune dysregulation</kwd><kwd>Staphylococcus aureus</kwd><kwd>Toll-like receptors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weidinger S., Novak N. Atopic dermatitis // Lancet. 2016. Vol. 387 (10023). 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