astmedАстраханский медицинский журналAstrakhan medical journal1992-6499ФГБОУ ВО Астраханский ГМУ Минздрава России10.17021/1992-6499-2026-1-17-26astmed-678Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWSКрапивница в детском возрасте: распространенность и ассоциированные факторы рискаUrticaria in Childhood: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factorshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0383-5006КрасиловаЕ. В.KrasilovaE. V.

Елена Владимировна Красилова, кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры факультетской педиатрии;

заведующий отделением педиатрии № 3

Астрахань

Elena V. Krasilova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant of the Department;

Head of Department No. 3

Astrakhan

el25kv@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4168-4851БашкинаО. А.BashkinaO. A.

Ольга Александровна Башкина, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой факультетской педиатрии

Астрахань

Olga A. Bashkina, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department

Astrakhan

bashkina1@mail.ruАстраханский государственный медицинский университет; Областная детская клиническая больница имени Н. Н. СилищевойРоссияAstrakhan State Medical University; Regional Children's Clinical Hospital named after N. N. SilishchevaRussian FederationАстраханский государственный медицинский университетРоссияAstrakhan State Medical UniversityRussian Federation2026160420262111726Copyright © Красилова Е.В., Башкина О.А., 20262026Красилова Е.В., Башкина О.А.Krasilova E.V., Bashkina O.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.astmedj.ru/jour/article/view/678

Проведен анализ распространённости и факторов риска, ассоциированных с возникновением острой и хронической крапивницы у детей за 2015–2025 гг. На основе литературных данных выявлен рост заболеваемости до 2,1–6,7 %, особенно хронических форм у подростков. Проведено четкое разграничение этиопатогенеза острой и хронической крапивницы. Показано преобладание реакции сенсибилизированного детского организма на экзогенные триггеры преимущественно аллергического генеза при острой крапивнице, а при хронической – эндогенных механизмов, в том числе коморбидной патологии. Выявлена чёткая связь хронической с аутоиммунными заболеваниями (в том числе аутоммунным тиреоидитом), хроническими воспалительными процессами, паразитарными инфекциями и тревожными расстройствами. Сделан вывод о необходимости междисциплинарного подхода к ведению таких пациентов с обязательным скринингом на сопутствующую патологию, что является залогом достижения стойкой ремиссии и улучшения качества жизни больных с острой и хронической крапивницей.

The prevalence and risk factors associated with acute and chronic urticaria in children were analyzed for the period 2015–2025. Based on literature review, there was an increase in the incidence of urticaria to 2.1–6.7 %, especially in chronic forms among adolescents. A clear distinction was made between the etiopathogenesis of acute and chronic urticaria. The study showed that the reaction of a sensitized child's body to exogenous triggers is predominantly of allergic origin in case of acute urticaria, while in case of chronic urticaria, it is endogenous mechanisms, including comorbid pathology. A clear association between chronic urticaria and autoimmune diseases (including autoimmune thyroiditis), chronic inflammatory processes, parasitic infections, and anxiety disorders has been identified. The study concluded that an interdisciplinary approach to the management of such patients is necessary, with mandatory screening for concomitant pathology, which is essential for achieving stable remission and improving the quality of life for patients with acute and chronic urticaria.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.