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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">astmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Астраханский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Astrakhan medical journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-6499</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО Астраханский ГМУ Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17021/1992-6499-2025-4-67-74</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">astmed-635</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Микробиота полости носа при рассеянном склерозе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nasal microbiota in multiple sclerosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8821-4710</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Духанина</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dukhanina</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инна Владимировна Духанина, кандидат фармацевтических наук, доцент кафедры микробиологии с вирусологией и иммунологией,</p><p>Ярославль.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna V. Dukhanina, Cand. Sci. (Pharm.), Associate Professor of the Department,</p><p>Yaroslavl.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">inessaia@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гульнева</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulneva</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марина Юрьевна Гульнева, доктор медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры госпитальной терапии,</p><p>Ярославль.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina Yu. Gulneva, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department,</p><p>Yaroslavl.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gulnevamar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3997-8770</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малафеева</surname><given-names>Э. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malafeeva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эльвира Васильевна Малафеева, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры микробиологии  с вирусологией и иммунологией,</p><p>Ярославль.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elvira V. Malafeeva, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Professor of the Department,</p><p>Yaroslavl.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ch-ma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4024-8540</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лендоева</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lendoeva</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дарина Викторовна Лендоева, ординатор, лаборатория ДНК-диагностики,</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Darina V. Lendoeva, Resident,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">auquel1002@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медико-генетический научный центр им. Академика Н. П. Бочкова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical and Genetic Research Center named after Academician N. P. Bochkov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Духанина И.В., Гульнева М.Ю., Малафеева Э.В., Лендоева Д.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Духанина И.В., Гульнева М.Ю., Малафеева Э.В., Лендоева Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dukhanina I.V., Gulneva M.Y., Malafeeva E.V., Lendoeva D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.astmedj.ru/jour/article/view/635">https://www.astmedj.ru/jour/article/view/635</self-uri><abstract><p>Расширяется изучение роли микробиоты при различных нейродегенеративных заболеваниях, при этом микрофлора носа может вовлекаться в патологический процесс через путь «полость носа – мозг». Анализ микробиоты полости носа у пациентов с рассеянным склерозом может дать понимание развития заболевания и разработать новые подходы к повышению эффективности лечебно-профилактических мероприятий. Цель исследования. Провести анализ микробиоты полости носа в зависимости от длительности течения рассеянного склероза и клиничексих проявлений заболевания Материалы и методы. Клиническими и бактериологическими методами обследовано 96 больных рассеянным склерозом и 40 практически здоровых лиц группы сравнения. Проведено сравнительное изучение характера микрофлоры полости носа в зависимости от длительности заболевания, возраста пациентов и уровня инвалидизации. Cтатиcтическая обpаботка pезультатов пpоводилась методом вычисления критеpия согласия Пиpсона χ2 с использованием программы “Statistica 12.0”. Результаты исследования. У больных рассеянным склерозом установлено существенное изменение качественных характеристик назальной микробиоты, проявляющееся значительным увеличением колонизационных свойств условно-патогенных микроорганизмов видов Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis и Escherichia coli. Повышено представительство более патогенных микроорганизмов (коагулазоположительных стафилококков, гемолитических эшерихий) у больных со значительной степенью неврологических поражений. Проведенные исследования демонстрируют существенные изменения назальной микробиоты у пациентов с клинически выраженным заболеванием, отражая связь «нос – мозг». Заключение. Микробиом слизистой оболочки носа при рассеянном склерозе имеет особенности, рапространенение условно-патогенных бактерий коррелирует с длительностью заболевания и тяжестью симптоматики. Потенциальная польза от коррекции нарушений требует дальнейшего изучения. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study of the role of microbiota in various neurodegenerative diseases is expanding, In this case, the microflora of the nose can be involved in the pathological process through the “nose – brain” pathway. Analysis of the nasal microbiota in patients with multiple sclerosis may provide insight into the progression of the disease and develop new approaches to improving the effectiveness of treatment and preventive measures. The purpose of the study. To analyze the microbiota of the nasal cavity depending on the duration of the course of multiple sclerosis and its clinical manifestations. Materials and methods. 96 рatients with multiple sсlerosis and 40 рraсtically healthy individuals in the сomрarison grouр were examined using clinical and bacteriological methods. A comparative study of the nature of the nasal microflora was carried out depending on the duration of the disease, the age of the patients and the level of disability. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out by calculating the Pearson agreement criterion χ2 using the “Statistica 12.0” program. The results of the study. In patients with multiple sclerosis, a significant change in the qualitative characteristics of the nasal microbiota was found, manifested by a significant increase in the colonization properties of opportunistic microorganisms of the species Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli. Increased representation of more pathogenic microorganisms (coagulase-positive staphylococcus, hemolytic escherichiae) in patients with significant neurological lesions. The conducted studies demonstrate significant changes in the nasal microbiota in patients with a clinically pronounced disease, characterizing the “nose – brain” relationship. Conclusion. The nasal mucosal microbiome in multiple sclerosis has unique characteristics, and the prevalence of opportunistic bacteria correlates with the duration of the disease and the severity of symptoms. The potential benefits of correcting these abnormalities require further study. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>слизистая носа</kwd><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>nasal mucosa</kwd><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thangaleela S., Sivamaruthi B. S., Kesika P., Bharathi M., Chaiyasut C. 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