References

astmed

Астраханский медицинский журнал

Astrakhan medical journal

1992-6499

ФГБОУ ВО Астраханский ГМУ Минздрава России

10.17021/1992-6499-2025-4-6-17

astmed-629

Research Article

НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ

SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS

Эволюция диагностики герпесвирусных инфекций: сравнительный анализ традиционных и инновационных подходов

Evolution of diagnostics of herpes virus infections: comparative analysis of traditional and innovative approaches

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5694-5394

Касымова

Е. Б.

Kasymova

E. B.

Екатерина Башировна Касымова, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры факультетской педиатрии,

Астрахань.

Ekaterina B. Kasymova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department,

Astrakhan.

katerina.kasymova@yandex.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4168-4851

Башкина

О. А.

Bashkina

O. A.

Ольга Александровна Башкина, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой факультетской педиатрии,

Астрахань.

Olga A. Bashkina, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department,

Astrakhan.

bashkina1@mail.ru

Астраханский государственный медицинский университетРоссияAstrakhan State Medical UniversityRussian Federation

2025

26122025

204617

2025

Касымова Е.Б., Башкина О.А.

Kasymova E.B., Bashkina O.A.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.astmedj.ru/jour/article/view/629

Современные вызовы диагностики герпесвирусных инфекций требуют переосмысления существующих подходов и внедрения инновационных решений. В представленном исследовании проведен комплексный анализ эволюции диагностических методов – от традиционных серологических тестов до передовых молекулярных технологий. Основное внимание уделено критической оценке эффективности различных диагностических методик на основании систематического обзора научных публикаций за 2013–2023 гг. из баз PubMed, Scopus и eLibrary. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о значительном прогрессе в области лабораторной диагностики герпесвирусов. Мультиплексные системы полимеразной цепной реакции нового поколения демонстрируют оптимальное сочетание высокой чувствительности (95–98 %) и скорости анализа (до 2 ч), что делает их предпочтительным выбором для рутинной практики. Особый интерес представляют перспективные изотермальные методы амплификации (петлевая изотермическая амплификация и амплификация с рекомбиназной полимеразой), которые, несмотря на необходимость дополнительной валидации, открывают новые возможности для экспресс-диагностики в условиях ограниченных ресурсов. Отдельно следует отметить революционный потенциал технологий секвенирования нового поколения и систем на основе кластеризованных регулярно разделенных коротких палиндромных повторов, обеспечивающих беспрецедентную точность выявления резистентных штаммов и редких генетических вариантов. Однако их широкое внедрение пока сдерживается экономическими факторами. Обоснована необходимость разработки дифференцированных диагностических алгоритмов, сочетающих доступные скрининговые методы с высокоточными технологиями для сложных случаев, а также достижения международного консенсуса по стандартизации диагностических протоколов.

Current challenges in the diagnosis of herpesvirus infections require a rethinking of existing approaches and the implementation of innovative solutions. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of diagnostic methods, from traditional serological tests to advanced molecular technologies. The main focus is on a critical assessment of the effectiveness of various diagnostic methods based on a systematic review of scientific publications from 2013‒2023 from the PubMed, Scopus, and eLibrary databases. The results of the study indicate significant progress in the field of laboratory diagnostics of herpesviruses. Next-generation multiplex polymerase chain reaction systems demonstrate an optimal combination of high sensitivity (95‒98 %) and analysis speed (up to 2 hours), making them the preferred choice for routine practice. Of particular interest are promising isothermal amplification methods (loop-mediated isothermal amplification and recombinase polymerase amplification), which, despite the need for additional validation, open up new possibilities for rapid diagnostics in resource-limited settings. The revolutionary potential of next-generation sequencing technologies and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-based systems, which provide unprecedented accuracy in identifying resistant strains and rare genetic variants, is particularly noteworthy. However, their widespread adoption is currently constrained by economic factors. This paper substantiates the need to develop differentiated diagnostic algorithms that combine accessible screening methods with high-precision technologies for complex cases, as well as to achieve international consensus on standardizing diagnostic protocols.

герпесвирусные инфекциилабораторная диагностикамолекулярные методыполимеразная цепная реакциясеквенированиеCRISPR-системы (кластеризованные регулярно разделенные короткие палиндромные повторы)

herpesvirus infectionslaboratory diagnosticsmolecular methodspolymerase chain reactionsequencingCRISPR-systems (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.