astmedАстраханский медицинский журналAstrakhan medical journal1992-6499ФГБОУ ВО Астраханский ГМУ Минздрава России10.17021/1992-6499-2025-3-17-33astmed-608Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWSМорфогенез верхней челюсти лабораторных крыс в онтогенезеMorphogenesis of laboratory rat’s upper jaw in ontogenesishttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8983-2257ЛузинВ. И.LuzinV. I.

Лузин Владислав Игоревич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой анатомии человека, оперативной хирургии и топографической анатомии

Луганск

Vladyslav I. Luzin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department

Lugansk

vladyslav_luzin@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1169-4285МорозовВ. Н.MorozovV. N.

Морозов Виталий Николаевич, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, кафедра анатомии и гистологии человека

Белгород

Vitaliy N. Morozov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor

Belgorod

vitaliyymorozov85@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6117-080XМорозоваЕ. Н.MorozovaE. N.

Морозова Елена Николаевна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, кафедра анатомии и гистологии человека

Белгород

Elena N. Morozova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor

Belgorod

tiger2910@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6277-3506СолинА. В.SolinA. V.

Солин Алексей Владимирович, доктор медицинских наук, доцент, кафедра анатомии и гистологии человека

Белгород

Alexey V. Solin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor

Belgorod

medps@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9176-8549МосягинаН. А.MosyaginaN. A.

Мосягина Надежда Александровна, ассистент кафедры анатомии человека, оперативной хирургии и топографической анатомии

Луганск

Nadezhda A. Mosyagina, Assistant Professor of the Department

Lugansk

mosyaginan@bk.ruЛуганский государственный медицинский университет имени Святителя ЛукиРоссияSent Luke Lugansk State Medical UniversityRussian FederationБелгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университетРоссияBelgorod National Research UniversityRussian Federation2025291120252031733Copyright © Лузин В.И., Морозов В.Н., Морозова Е.Н., Солин А.В., Мосягина Н.А., 20252025Лузин В.И., Морозов В.Н., Морозова Е.Н., Солин А.В., Мосягина Н.А.Luzin V.I., Morozov V.N., Morozova E.N., Solin A.V., Mosyagina N.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.astmedj.ru/jour/article/view/608

Верхняя челюсть крыс является уникальным экспериментальным объектом в медикобиологических исследованиях и используется для моделирования различных патологических процессов: переломов, постменопаузального остеопороза, нарушений дентиногенеза и энамелогенеза. Верхняя челюсть крыс и человека отличаются по ряду морфофункциональных аспектов, связанных с особенностями питания и строением резцов у грызунов, однако всестороннее изучение процессов ее развития, роста и формообразования у крыс в эксперименте будет способствовать дальнейшему пониманию особенностей ее организации у человека.

Цель исследования: провести анализ отечественной и зарубежной литературы, обобщить и систематизировать сведения о строении верхней челюсти лабораторных крыс на различных этапах онтогенеза. Поиск литературы по тематике представленной работы был проведен с использованием баз данных Elibrary и PubMed до 10.09.2024 г. включительно. Источники литературы были проанализированы вне зависимости от даты, языка и типа (полнотекстовый или только аннотации). Всесторонне рассмотрены вопросы, касающиеся источников и периодов развития, макроскопического строения верхней челюсти, особенностей строения альвеолярной кости и ее реакции на экзогенные стимулы, особенностей структурной организации эмалевого органа, дентина, цемента, пульпы, периодонта, их кровоснабжения и иннервации в различные периоды онтогенеза. Несмотря на различия в структурно-функциональной организации верхней челюсти человека и крыс, базовое устройство их альвеолярной кости, дентина, эмали, периодонта и пульпы имеет много общего.

The rat’s upper jaw of is a unique experimental object in biomedical research and is used to model various pathological conditions: fractures, postmenopausal osteoporosis, disorders of dentinogenesis and enamelogenesis. The rat’s upper jaw and humans differ in a number of morpho-functional aspects related to the peculiarities of nutrition and the structure of incisors in rodents. However, a comprehensive study of the processes of its development, growth and formation in rats in the experiment will contribute to further understanding of the features of its organization in humans. The purpose of the research: to analyze the existing domestic and foreign literature, to summarize and systematize the available information about the structure of the laboratory rat’s upper jaw at various stages of ontogenesis. The literature search on the subject of the presented article was conducted using the elibrary and PubMed databases, inclusive, until 09.10.2024. Literature sources were analyzed regardless of date, language and type (full text or abstract only). The presented work comprehensively examines issues related to the sources and periods of development, the macroscopic structure of the upper jaw, the structural features of the alveolar bone and its response to exogenous stimuli, the structural organization of the enamel organ, dentin, cement, pulp, periodontium, their blood supply and innervation during various periods of ontogenesis. Despite the differences in structural and functional organization of the upper jaw of humans and rats, the basic structure of their alveolar bone, dentin, enamel, periodontium and pulp has much in common.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.