astmedАстраханский медицинский журналAstrakhan medical journal1992-6499ФГБОУ ВО Астраханский ГМУ Минздрава России10.17021/1992-6499-2025-2-27-50astmed-554Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWSАнализ резистентности Staphylococcus aureus в антибиотическую эпоху (литературный обзор)Timofeeva A. S. Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus aureus resistance in the antibiotic era (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-438XСтепаненкоИ. С.StepanenkoI. S.

Ирина Семеновна Степаненко - доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой микробиологии.

Волгоград

Irina S. Stepanenko - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department.

Volgograd

ymahkina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-4254-3868КосовВ. А.KosovV. A.

Вячеслав Александрович Косов - аспирант кафедры микробиологии.

Волгоград

Vyacheslav A. Kosov - postgraduate student.

Volgograd

slava.kosov.1999@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-1432-048XМихайловаЛ. В.MikhailovaL. V.

Людмила Викторовна Михайлова - кандидат медицинснких наук, доцент кафедры микробиологии.

Волгоград

Lyudmila V. Mikhailova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department.

Volgograd

L.V.Vasilenko@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-7483-7245ТимофееваА. С.TimofeevaA. S.

Анна Самовна Тимофеева - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры микробиологии.

Волгоград

Anna S. Timofeeva - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department.

Volgograd

annapitersen@mail.ruВолгоградский государственный медицинский университетРоссияVolgograd State Medical UniversityRussian Federation2025150720252022750Copyright © Степаненко И.С., Косов В.А., Михайлова Л.В., Тимофеева А.С., 20252025Степаненко И.С., Косов В.А., Михайлова Л.В., Тимофеева А.С.Stepanenko I.S., Kosov V.A., Mikhailova L.V., Timofeeva A.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.astmedj.ru/jour/article/view/554

Сегодня проблема устойчивости к противомикробным препаратам некоторых представителей грамположительных бактерий является одной из глобальных угроз здоровью населения. Более чем у 30 % населения определяется бессимптомное носительство Staphylococcus aureus на поверхности эпителия и слизистых оболочках, в 60 % случаев определяется его транзиторное носительство. Проблема заключается не только в повсеместной распространенности и высокой частоте выделения золотистого стафилококка, но и в нарастающем уровне лекарственной устойчивости S. aureus. Цель исследования – провести всесторонний анализ механизмов устойчивости Staphylococcus aureus к современным антибактериальным препаратам, учитывая широкое распространение резистентных форм этого патогена. Материалами и методами исследования послужили литературные обзоры последних достижений в области изучения молекулярных основ резистентности и взаимодействия стафилококков с различными классами антибиотиков, таких как β-лактамы, гликопептиды, фторхинолоны, а также новые подходы к созданию эффективных терапевтических стратегий. Результаты. Основные результаты обзора указывают на разнообразие механизмов, используемых Staphylococcus aureus для противостояния антибиотикам. Среди них выделяются способность производить β-лактамазы, разрушение структуры пептидогликана и адаптация клеточного метаболизма, позволяющая минимизировать влияние антибактериальных агентов. Сделан акцент на важности комбинирования антибиотиков разных групп, таких как β-лактамы и гликопептиды, для минимизации риска развития резистентности. Заключение. Представленная работа выявила необходимость дальнейшего изучения путей клеточного деления, синтеза нуклеиновых кислот и пептидогликана в качестве возможных точек приложения будущих антибактериальных препаратов. Особое внимание в работе уделено новому направлению – изучению ингибиторов биосинтеза жирных кислот и белка FtsZ, играющего ключевую роль в клеточном делении. Таким образом, исследование позволяет понять суть молекулярных процессов, лежащих в основе устойчивости Staphylococcus aureus, и формирует базу для дальнейших разработок инновационных подходов к терапии стафилококковых инфекций.

Nowadays, the problem of antimicrobial resistance of some representatives of Gram-positive bacteria is one of the global threats to public health. More than 30 % of the population is asymptomatic carriage of S. aureus on the surface of the epithelium and mucous membranes, in 60 % of cases, its transient carriage is determined. The problem lies not only in the ubiquity and high frequency of isolation of Staphylococcus aureus, but also in the increasing level of drug resistance of this species. The aim of this scientific article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms of Staphylococcus aureus resistance to modern antibacterial drugs, taking into account the wide spread of resistant forms of this pathogen. The materials and methods of the study were literature reviews of recent advances in the study of the molecular basis of resistance and interaction of Staphylococcus aureus with different classes of antibiotics, such as β-lactams, glycopeptides, fluoroquinolones, as well as new approaches to the creation of effective therapeutic strategies. Results. The main results of the review indicate the diversity of mechanisms utilized by S. aureus to resist antibiotics. Among them, the ability to produce β-lactamases, degradation of peptidoglycan structure and adaptation of cellular metabolism to minimize the impact of antibacterial agents are highlighted. The article highlights the importance of combining antibiotics from different groups, such as β-lactams and glycopeptides, to minimize the risk of resistance development. Conclusion. The conclusion emphasizes the need to further explore cell division pathways, nucleic acid synthesis and peptidoglycan synthesis as possible application points for future antibacterial drugs. Special attention is given to new directions such as the study of inhibitors of fatty acid biosynthesis and the FtsZ protein, which plays a key role in cell division. Thus, this work offers a deep understanding of the molecular processes underlying S. aureus resistance and forms the basis for further development of innovative approaches to the therapy of staphylococcal infections.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.