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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">astmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Астраханский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Astrakhan medical journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-6499</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО Астраханский ГМУ Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17021/2019.14.4.17.28</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">astmed-50</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА РОЛЬ ЦИТОКИНОВ В ИНИЦИАЦИИ И ТЕЧЕНИИ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗА ЛЕГКИХ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE ROLE OF CYTOKINES IN THE INITIATION AND COURSE OF LUNG TUBERCULOSIS: A MODERN VIEW</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Живечкова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhivechkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">e.zhivechkova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапштаева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapshtaeva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">av_lapshtaeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет им. Н.П. Огарева»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Живечкова Е.А., Лапштаева А.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Живечкова Е.А., Лапштаева А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhivechkova E.A., Lapshtaeva A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.astmedj.ru/jour/article/view/50">https://www.astmedj.ru/jour/article/view/50</self-uri><abstract><p>Высокий уровень заболеваемости туберкулезом, рост числа случаев с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью и сочетанная патология с ВИЧ-инфекцией диктуют необходимость поиска новых мишеней для разработки современных диагностических тестов, вакцин и методов лечения туберкулеза. При распознавании фрагментов микобактерий иммунные клетки вырабатывают цитокины. Функциональные различия в синтезе цитокинов являются фактором дисрегуляции иммунной системы, что может привести к развитию заболевания. В обзоре изложены современные данные об основных цитокинах, участвующих в иммунопатогенезе туберкулезной инфекции, оценено их влияние на течение и развитие заболевания, представлены данные об ассоциации полиморфизмов генов цитокинов с туберкулезом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The high incidence of tuberculosis, the increase in the number of multidrug-resistant cases and the combined pathology with HIV infection dictate the need to search for new targets for the development of modern diagnostic tests, vaccines and treatment methods for tuberculosis. Immune cells produce cytokines when recognizing fragments of mycobacteria. Functional differences in cytokine synthesis are a factor in the immune system dysregulation, which can lead to the development of the disease. The review presents current data about the main cytokines involved in the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis infection, assessed their impact on the course and development of the disease, presents data on the association of cytokine gene polymorphisms with tuberculosis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>врожденный иммунитет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>INF</kwd><kwd>TNF-α</kwd><kwd>IL-6</kwd><kwd>IL-10</kwd><kwd>IL-12</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>innate immunity</kwd><kwd>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>INF</kwd><kwd>TNF-α</kwd><kwd>IL-6</kwd><kwd>IL-10</kwd><kwd>IL-12</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нечаева, О. Б. Эпидемическая ситуация по туберкулезу в России / О. Б. 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