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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">astmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Астраханский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Astrakhan medical journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-6499</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО Астраханский ГМУ Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17021/2019.14.3.8.20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">astmed-31</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ БИОПЛЕНОК</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>METHODS OF STUDY OF BIOFILMS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галимзянов</surname><given-names>Х. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galimzyanov</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">agma@astranet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Башкина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bashkina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">bashkina1@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Досмуханова</surname><given-names>Э. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dosmukhanova</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ametist07@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдрахманова</surname><given-names>Р. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdrakhamanova</surname><given-names>R. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">radmilaazo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демина</surname><given-names>Ю. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demina</surname><given-names>Y. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">j_d_79@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Даудова</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Daudova</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">adaudova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алешкин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleshkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">andreialeshkin@googlemail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Несвижский</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nesvizhsky</surname><given-names>Y. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">nesviz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбкин</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybkin</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">rvs2009@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афанасьев</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afanas'ev</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">afanasievss409.4@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сентюрова</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sentyurova</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">sentlj2012@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карнаух</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karnaukh</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">mascha.karnaukh@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аршба</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arshba</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">aim26@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубальский</surname><given-names>М. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubalskii</surname><given-names>M. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">m.o.rubalsky@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стемпковская</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stempkovskaya</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">astempkovskiy@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кужина</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzhina</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">innoagma@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубальский</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubalskii</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">e.o.rubalsky@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Астраханский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Astrakhan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Московский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н. Габричевского» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской приматологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Medical Primatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Московский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н. Габричевского» Роспотребнадзора; Высшая медицинская школа Ганновера</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology G.N. Gabrichevsky; Hannover Medical School</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Галимзянов Х.М., Башкина О.А., Досмуханова Э.Г., Абдрахманова Р.О., Демина Ю.З., Даудова А.Д., Алешкин А.В., Несвижский Ю.В., Рыбкин В.С., Афанасьев С.С., Сентюрова Л.Г., Карнаух М.М., Аршба И.М., Рубальский М.О., Стемпковская Н.И., Кужина И.О., Рубальский Е.О., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Галимзянов Х.М., Башкина О.А., Досмуханова Э.Г., Абдрахманова Р.О., Демина Ю.З., Даудова А.Д., Алешкин А.В., Несвижский Ю.В., Рыбкин В.С., Афанасьев С.С., Сентюрова Л.Г., Карнаух М.М., Аршба И.М., Рубальский М.О., Стемпковская Н.И., Кужина И.О., Рубальский Е.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Galimzyanov K.M., Bashkina O.A., Dosmukhanova E.G., Abdrakhamanova R.O., Demina Y.Z., Daudova A.D., Aleshkin A.V., Nesvizhsky Y.V., Rybkin V.S., Afanas'ev S.S., Sentyurova L.G., Karnaukh M.M., Arshba I.M., Rubalskii M.O., Stempkovskaya N.I., Kuzhina I.O., Rubalskii E.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.astmedj.ru/jour/article/view/31">https://www.astmedj.ru/jour/article/view/31</self-uri><abstract><p>Образование биопленки является одним из ключевых факторов вирулентности микроорганизмов и формирования персистирующих форм, ведущих к хронизации патологических процессов в макроорганизме. Развитие новых технологий в молекулярной биологии, биохимических исследованиях и методах визуализации приводит к лучшему пониманию механизмов биопленкообразования. Вопрос о совершенствовании этих технологий in vitro и/или in vivo актуален в современных условиях. Отсутствие стандартизированных методов культивирования биопленок является одной из ключевых проблем, с которой сталкиваются исследователи в этой области. Результаты, полученные в одной лаборатории, не всегда могут быть в точности воспроизведены и подтверждены другими независимыми исследователями. Методы культивирования, предназначенные для микроскопических исследований, могут быть неинформативными для других видов анализа, таких, например, как сбор биомассы биопленки для биохимических измерений. В большинстве случаев методы культивирования могут быть адаптированы для изучения различных компонентов и свойств системы, в которых заинтересован исследователь.Все методы экспериментального воспроизведения биопленок можно разделить на две основные группы – с использованием «закрытых» и «открытых» систем. Основным преимуществом последних является постоянное поступление и обновление питательных веществ, удаление метаболитов и создание, как следствие, внешних условий, максимально схожих с естественными условиями обитания микроорганизмов.Для визуализации и изучения количественного и качественного состава биопленок используются разнообразные микробиологические, физические, химические и молекулярные методы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Biofilm formation is a key virulence factor among many microorganisms, it is also important for the formation of persistent forms which result in chronicity of pathological processes within macro organisms. The development of new technologies in molecular biology, biochemical studies and imaging techniques leads to a better understanding of biofilm formation. The question of using these technologies in vitro and/or in vivo is relevant in modern conditions. The lack of standardized methods of biofilm culturing is troublesome for researchers. The results of studies performed in one laboratory might not be reproduced and confirmed by other independent researchers. Culturing techniques designed for microscopy investigation may be useless for other types of analyses, such as harvesting biofilm biomass for biochemical measurements. In most cases these culturing methods can be adapted to study certain aspects of the system in which the researcher is interested. All methods of experimental reproduction of biofilms can be divided into two major groups - methods using “closed” and those using “open” systems. The main advantage of the second group of methods consists in receipt and renewal of nutrients, removal of metabolites and, as a result, the creation of external conditions maximally similar to the natural habitats of microorganisms. A variety of microbiological, physical, chemical and molecular methods are used to visualize and study the quantitative and qualitative composition of biofilms.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биопленки</kwd><kwd>междисциплинарные исследования</kwd><kwd>количественная характеристика биопленки</kwd><kwd>качественная характеристика биопленки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biofilms</kwd><kwd>interdisciplinary research</kwd><kwd>quantitative characteristics of biofilms</kwd><kwd>qualitative characteristics of biofilms</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abadian, P. N. 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