astmedАстраханский медицинский журналAstrakhan medical journal1992-6499ФГБОУ ВО Астраханский ГМУ Минздрава России10.29039/1992-6499-2023-1-39-49astmed-232Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWSПатология мочевыделительной системы и ее частота у детей на фоне COVID-19Pathology of the urinary system and its frequency in children with COVID-19ЯроваяД. В.YarovayaD. V.

Дарья Владимировна Яровая, заочный аспирант

кафедра факультетской педиатрии

Астрахань

Darya V. Yarovaya, postgraduate student

Astrakhan

podkovyrova_dary@list.ruБашкинаО. А.BashkinaO. A.

Ольга Александровна Башкина, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой

кафедра факультетской педиатрии

Астрахань

Olga A. Bashkina, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Department

Astrakhan

bashkina1@mail.ruКрасиловаЕ. В.KrasilovaE. V.

Елена Владимировна Красилова, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая отделением

отделение аллергологии

Астрахань

Elena V. Krasilova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department

Astrakhan

el25kv@mail.ruСамотруеваМ. А.SamotruevaM. A.

Марина Александровна Самотруева, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой

кафедра фармакогнозии, фармацевтической технологии и биотехнологии

Астрахань

Marina A. Samotrueva, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Department

Astrakhan

ms1506@mail.ruКасымоваЕ. Б.KasymovaE. B.

Екатерина Башировна Касымова, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент

кафедра факультетской педиатрии

Астрахань

Ekaterina B. Kasymova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor

Astrakhan

katerina.kasymova@yandex.ruАстраханский государственный медицинский университетРоссияAstrakhan State Medical UniversityRussian FederationОбластная детская клиническая больница им. Н. Н. СилищевойРоссияRegional Children's Clinical Hospital named after N. N. SilishchevaRussian Federation2023300420231813949Copyright © Яровая Д.В., Башкина О.А., Красилова Е.В., Самотруева М.А., Касымова Е.Б., 20232023Яровая Д.В., Башкина О.А., Красилова Е.В., Самотруева М.А., Касымова Е.Б.Yarovaya D.V., Bashkina O.A., Krasilova E.V., Samotrueva M.A., Kasymova E.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.astmedj.ru/jour/article/view/232

   Представлены данные об эндотелиальной дисфункции и механизмах ее развития при заболевании коронавирусной инфекцией. Описана возможная патология мочевыделительной системы и частота ее выявления у детей на фоне COVID-19, которая в основном обусловлена эндотелиальной дисфункцией. Отображены исследования по изучению частоты инфекций уринарного тракта у детей и подростков во время пандемии, которая зависела от уровня карантинных мер, определяющих формирование нейропсихологических причин нарушения функции мочевого пузыря, а также ограниченный своевременный доступ к оказанию медицинской помощи и т. д. Был выполнен систематический обзор исследований, опубликованных в англоязычных научных изданиях с 2000 по 2019 годы (с преимущественным включением (84,6 %) данных за последние 2 года) с использованием баз данных PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, GoogleScholar, Cochrane, Medline, AMED, EMBASE, CINHAL, SportDiscus, Scopus и PEDro. Включены обзорные статьи, метаанализы, качественные исследования, ретроспективные и проспективные исследования.

   This review presents data on endothelial dysfunction and the mechanisms of its development in coronavirus disease. The possible pathology of the urinary system and its frequency in children against the background of COVID-19, which is mainly due to endothelial dysfunction, is described. Displayed studies on the frequency of urinary tract infections in children and adolescents during a pandemic, which depended on the level of quarantine measures, which in turn affect the neuro-psychological causes of bladder dysfunction, limited timely access to medical care, etc. A systematic review of studies published in English from 2000 to 2019 was performed (with predominant inclusion (84,6 %) of data for the last 2 years) using PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, GoogleScholar, Cochrane, Medline, AMED databases., EMBASE, CINHAL, SportDiscus, Scopus and PEDro. The review included review articles, meta-analyses, qualitative studies, retrospective and prospective studies.

COVID-19SARS-CoV-2острая почечная недостаточностьгломерулонефритпиелонефритхроническая болезнь почекАПФ2детиCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2acute renal failureglomerulonephritispyelonephritischronic kidney diseaseACE2childrenАвторы декларируют отсутствие внешнего финансирования для проведения исследования и публикации статьиThe authors declare that there is no external funding for the exploration and analysis workReferencesKabanova A., Gavriilaki, E., Pelzer, B. W., Brunetti L., Maiques-Diaz A. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on laboratory and clinical research: a testimony and a call to action from researchers // Hemasphere. 2020. Vol. 4. no. 6. P. e499. doi: 10.1097/HS9.0000000000000499.Kabanova A., Gavriilaki, E., Pelzer, B. W., Brunetti L., Maiques-Diaz A. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on laboratory and clinical research: a testimony and a call to action from researchers // Hemasphere. 2020. Vol. 4. no. 6. P. e499. doi: 10.1097/HS9.0000000000000499.Phillips S., Williams M. A. Confronting our next national health disaster - long-haul covid. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2021. Vol. 385. P. 577–579. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2109285.Phillips S., Williams M. A. Confronting our next national health disaster - long-haul covid. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2021. Vol. 385. P. 577–579. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2109285.Gavriilaki E., Eftychidis I., Papassotiriou I. Update on endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19: severe disease, long COVID-19 and pediatric characteristics // Journal of Laboratory Medicine. 2021. Vol. 45, no. 6. P. 293–302. doi: 10.1515/labmed-2021-0134.Gavriilaki E., Eftychidis I., Papassotiriou I. Update on endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19: severe disease, long COVID-19 and pediatric characteristics // Journal of Laboratory Medicine. 2021. Vol. 45, no. 6. P. 293–302. doi: 10.1515/labmed-2021-0134.Feldstein L. R., Rose, E. B., Horwitz S. M., Collins J. P., Newhams M. M., Son M. B. F., Newburger J. W., Kleinman L. C., Heidemann S. M., Martin A. A., Singh A. R., Li S., Tarquinio K. M., Jaggi P., Oster M. E., Zackai S. P., Gillen J., Ratner A. J., Walsh R. F., Fitzgerald J. C., Keenaghan M. A., Alharash H., Doymaz S., Clouser K. N., Giuliano J. S. Jr, Gupta A., Parker R. M., Maddux A. B., Havalad V., Ramsingh S., Bukulmez H., Bradford T. T., Smith L. S., Tenforde M. W., Carroll C. L., Riggs B. J., Gertz S. J., Daube A., Lansell A., Coronado Munoz A., Hobbs C. V., Marohn K. L., Halasa N. B., Patel M. M., Randolph A. G. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in U. S. children and adolescents. // The New England Journal of Medicine 2020. Vol. 383, no. 4. P. 334–346. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2021680.Feldstein L. R., Rose, E. B., Horwitz S. M., Collins J. P., Newhams M. M., Son M. B. F., Newburger J. W., Kleinman L. C., Heidemann S. M., Martin A. A., Singh A. R., Li S., Tarquinio K. M., Jaggi P., Oster M. E., Zackai S. P., Gillen J., Ratner A. J., Walsh R. F., Fitzgerald J. C., Keenaghan M. A., Alharash H., Doymaz S., Clouser K. N., Giuliano J. S. Jr, Gupta A., Parker R. M., Maddux A. B., Havalad V., Ramsingh S., Bukulmez H., Bradford T. T., Smith L. S., Tenforde M. W., Carroll C. L., Riggs B. J., Gertz S. J., Daube A., Lansell A., Coronado Munoz A., Hobbs C. V., Marohn K. L., Halasa N. B., Patel M. M., Randolph A. G. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in U. S. children and adolescents. // The New England Journal of Medicine 2020. Vol. 383, no. 4. P. 334–346. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2021680.Riphagen S., Gomez X., Gonzalez-Martinez C., Wilkinson N., Theocharis P. Hyperinflammatory shock in children during COVID-19 pandemic // Lancet. 2020. Vol. 395, no. 10237. P. 1607–1608. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31094-1.Riphagen S., Gomez X., Gonzalez-Martinez C., Wilkinson N., Theocharis P. Hyperinflammatory shock in children during COVID-19 pandemic // Lancet. 2020. Vol. 395, no. 10237. P. 1607–1608. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31094-1.Whittaker E., Bamford A., Kenny J., Kaforou M., Jones C. E., Shah P., Ramnarayan P., Fraisse A., Miller O., Davies P., Kucera F., Brierley J., McDougall M., Carter M., Tremoulet A., Shimizu C., Herberg J., Burns J. C., Lyall H., Levin M. Clinical characteristics of 58 children with a pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 // The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2020. Vol. 324, no. 3. P. 259–269. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.10369.Whittaker E., Bamford A., Kenny J., Kaforou M., Jones C. E., Shah P., Ramnarayan P., Fraisse A., Miller O., Davies P., Kucera F., Brierley J., McDougall M., Carter M., Tremoulet A., Shimizu C., Herberg J., Burns J. C., Lyall H., Levin M. Clinical characteristics of 58 children with a pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 // The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2020. Vol. 324, no. 3. P. 259–269. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.10369.Tetro J. A. Is COVID-19 receiving ADE from other coronaviruses? // Microb. Infect. 2020. Vol. 22, no. 2. P. 72–73. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.02.006.Tetro J. A. Is COVID-19 receiving ADE from other coronaviruses? // Microb. Infect. 2020. Vol. 22, no. 2. P. 72–73. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.02.006.Rajendran P., Rengarajan T., Thangavel J., Nishigaki Y., Sakthisekaran D., Sethi G., Nishigaki I. The vascular endothelium and human diseases // International Journal of Biological Sciences. 2013. Vol. 9, no. 10. P. 1057–1069. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.7502.Rajendran P., Rengarajan T., Thangavel J., Nishigaki Y., Sakthisekaran D., Sethi G., Nishigaki I. The vascular endothelium and human diseases // International Journal of Biological Sciences. 2013. Vol. 9, no. 10. P. 1057–1069. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.7502.Godo S., Shimokawa H. Endothelial functions // Arterioscler Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2017. Vol. 37, no. 9. P. e108–e114. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.117.309813.Godo S., Shimokawa H. Endothelial functions // Arterioscler Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2017. Vol. 37, no. 9. P. e108–e114. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.117.309813.Gkaliagkousi E., Gavriilaki E., Triantafyllou A., Douma S. Clinical significance of endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension. Curr. Hypertens. Rep. 2015. Vol. 17. P. 85. doi: 10.1007/s11906-015-0596-3.Gkaliagkousi E., Gavriilaki E., Triantafyllou A., Douma S. Clinical significance of endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension. Curr. Hypertens. Rep. 2015. Vol. 17. P. 85. doi: 10.1007/s11906-015-0596-3.Nägele M. P., Haubner B., Tanner F. C., Ruschitzka F., Flammer A. J. Endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19: Current findings and therapeutic implications // Atherosclerosis. 2020. Vol. 314. P. 58–62. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.014.Nägele M. P., Haubner B., Tanner F. C., Ruschitzka F., Flammer A. J. Endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19: Current findings and therapeutic implications // Atherosclerosis. 2020. Vol. 314. P. 58–62. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.014.Wan Y., Shang J., Graham R., Baric R. S., Li F. Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus // Journal of Virology. 2020. Vol. 94, no. 7. P. e00127-20. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00127-20.Wan Y., Shang J., Graham R., Baric R. S., Li F. Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus // Journal of Virology. 2020. Vol. 94, no. 7. P. e00127-20. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00127-20.Zou X., Chen K., Zou J., Han P., Hao J., Han Z. Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection // Front Med. 2020. Vol. 14, no. 2. P. 185–192. doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0754-0.Zou X., Chen K., Zou J., Han P., Hao J., Han Z. Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection // Front Med. 2020. Vol. 14, no. 2. P. 185–192. doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0754-0.Wu H. H. L., Shenoy M., Kalra P. A., Chinnadurai R. Intrinsic Kidney Pathology Following COVID-19 Infection in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review // Children. 2022. Vol. 9, no. 1. P. 1–14. doi: 10.3390/children9010003.Wu H. H. L., Shenoy M., Kalra P. A., Chinnadurai R. Intrinsic Kidney Pathology Following COVID-19 Infection in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review // Children. 2022. Vol. 9, no. 1. P. 1–14. doi: 10.3390/children9010003.Su H., Yang M., Wan C., Yi L. X., Tang F., Zhu H. Y., Yi F., Yang H. C., Fogo A. B., Nie X., Zhang C. Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China // Kidney Int. 2020. Vol. 98, no. 1. P. 219–227. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.003.Su H., Yang M., Wan C., Yi L. X., Tang F., Zhu H. Y., Yi F., Yang H. C., Fogo A. B., Nie X., Zhang C. Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China // Kidney Int. 2020. Vol. 98, no. 1. P. 219–227. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.003.Larsen C. P., Bourne T. D., Wilson J. D., Saqqa O., Sharshir M. D. Collapsing glomerulopathy in a patient with COVID-19 // Kidney Int. Rep. 2020. Vol. 5, no. 6. P. 935–939. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.04.002.Larsen C. P., Bourne T. D., Wilson J. D., Saqqa O., Sharshir M. D. Collapsing glomerulopathy in a patient with COVID-19 // Kidney Int. Rep. 2020. Vol. 5, no. 6. P. 935–939. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.04.002.Ye Q., Wang B., Mao J. The pathogenesis and treatment of the ‘cytokine storm’ in COVID-19 // The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020. Vol. 80. no. 6. P. 607–613. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.037.Ye Q., Wang B., Mao J. The pathogenesis and treatment of the ‘cytokine storm’ in COVID-19 // The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020. Vol. 80. no. 6. P. 607–613. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.037.Ossina N. K., Cannas A., Powers V. C., Fitzpatrick P., Knight J. D., Gilbert James R., Shekhtman E., Tomei L. D., Umansky S., Kiefer M. C. Interferon-gamma modulates a p53-independent apoptotic pathway and apoptosis-related gene expression // Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1997. Vol. 272. P. 16351–16357. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.26.16351.Ossina N. K., Cannas A., Powers V. C., Fitzpatrick P., Knight J. D., Gilbert James R., Shekhtman E., Tomei L. D., Umansky S., Kiefer M. C. Interferon-gamma modulates a p53-independent apoptotic pathway and apoptosis-related gene expression // Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1997. Vol. 272. P. 16351–16357. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.26.16351.Wu H., Larsen C. P., Hernandez-Arroyo C. F., Mohamed M. M. B., Caza T., Sharshir M., Chughtai A., Xie L., Gimenez J. M., Sandow T. A., Lusco M. A., Yang H., Acheampong E., Rosales I. A., Colvin R. B., Fogo A. B., Velez J. C. Q. AKI and Collapsing Glomerulopathy Associated with COVID-19 and APOL 1 High-Risk Genotype // Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2020. Vol. 31, no. 8. P. 1688–1695. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2020050558.Wu H., Larsen C. P., Hernandez-Arroyo C. F., Mohamed M. M. B., Caza T., Sharshir M., Chughtai A., Xie L., Gimenez J. M., Sandow T. A., Lusco M. A., Yang H., Acheampong E., Rosales I. A., Colvin R. B., Fogo A. B., Velez J. C. Q. AKI and Collapsing Glomerulopathy Associated with COVID-19 and APOL 1 High-Risk Genotype // Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2020. Vol. 31, no. 8. P. 1688–1695. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2020050558.Iba T., Connors J. M., Levy J. H. The coagulopathy, endotheliopathy, and vasculitis of COVID-19 // Inflamm. Res. 2020. Vol. 69. P. 1181–1189. doi: 10.1007/s00011-020-01401-6.Iba T., Connors J. M., Levy J. H. The coagulopathy, endotheliopathy, and vasculitis of COVID-19 // Inflamm. Res. 2020. Vol. 69. P. 1181–1189. doi: 10.1007/s00011-020-01401-6.Suso A. S., Mon C., Oñate Alonso I., Galindo Romo, K., Juarez R. C., Ramírez C. L., Sánchez Sánchez M., Mercado Valdivia V., Ortiz Librero M., Oliet Pala A., Ortega Marcos O., Herrero Berron J. C., Silvestre Torner N., Alonso Riaño M, Pascual Martin A. IgA Vasculitis with Nephritis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura) in a COVID-19 Patient // Kidney Int. Rep. 2020. Vol. 5, no. 11. P. 2074–2078. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.08.016.Suso A. S., Mon C., Oñate Alonso I., Galindo Romo, K., Juarez R. C., Ramírez C. L., Sánchez Sánchez M., Mercado Valdivia V., Ortiz Librero M., Oliet Pala A., Ortega Marcos O., Herrero Berron J. C., Silvestre Torner N., Alonso Riaño M, Pascual Martin A. IgA Vasculitis with Nephritis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura) in a COVID-19 Patient // Kidney Int. Rep. 2020. Vol. 5, no. 11. P. 2074–2078. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.08.016.Alabbas A., Kirpalani A., Morgan C., Mammen C., Licht C., Phan V., Wade A., Harvey E., Zappitelli M., Clark E. G., Hiremath S., Soroka S. D., Wald R., Weir M. A., Chanchlani R., Lemaire M. Canadian Association of Paediatric Nephrologists COVID-19 Rapid Response: Guidelines for Management of Acute Kidney Injury in Children // Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease. 2021. Vol. 8. P. 1–17. doi: 10.1177/2054358121990135.Alabbas A., Kirpalani A., Morgan C., Mammen C., Licht C., Phan V., Wade A., Harvey E., Zappitelli M., Clark E. G., Hiremath S., Soroka S. D., Wald R., Weir M. A., Chanchlani R., Lemaire M. Canadian Association of Paediatric Nephrologists COVID-19 Rapid Response: Guidelines for Management of Acute Kidney Injury in Children // Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease. 2021. Vol. 8. P. 1–17. doi: 10.1177/2054358121990135.Lu X., Zhang L., Du H., Zhang J., Li Y. Y., Qu J., Zhang W., Wang Y., Bao S., Li Y., Wu C., Liu H., Liu D., Shao J., Peng X., Yang Y., Liu Z., Xiang Y., Zhang F., Silva R. M., Pinkerton K. E., Shen K., Xiao H., Xu S., Wong G. W. K. SARS-CoV-2 infection in children // The New England Journal of Medicine. 2020. Vol. 382. P. 1663–1665. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2005073.Lu X., Zhang L., Du H., Zhang J., Li Y. Y., Qu J., Zhang W., Wang Y., Bao S., Li Y., Wu C., Liu H., Liu D., Shao J., Peng X., Yang Y., Liu Z., Xiang Y., Zhang F., Silva R. M., Pinkerton K. E., Shen K., Xiao H., Xu S., Wong G. W. K. SARS-CoV-2 infection in children // The New England Journal of Medicine. 2020. Vol. 382. P. 1663–1665. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2005073.Xu Y., Li X., Zhu B., Liang H., Fang C., Gong Y., Guo Q., Sun X., Zhao D., Shen J., Zhang H., Liu H., Xia H., Tang J., Zhang K., Gong S. Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding. // Nat. Med. 2020. Vol. 26, no. 4. P. 502–505. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0817-4.Xu Y., Li X., Zhu B., Liang H., Fang C., Gong Y., Guo Q., Sun X., Zhao D., Shen J., Zhang H., Liu H., Xia H., Tang J., Zhang K., Gong S. Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding. // Nat. Med. 2020. Vol. 26, no. 4. P. 502–505. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0817-4.Bjornstad E. C., Krallman K. A., Askenazi D., Zappitelli M., Goldstein S. L., Basu R. K. Preliminary Assessment of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Children Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Analysis // Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2021. Vol. 16, no. 3. P. 446–448. doi: 10.2215/CJN.11470720.Bjornstad E. C., Krallman K. A., Askenazi D., Zappitelli M., Goldstein S. L., Basu R. K. Preliminary Assessment of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Children Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Analysis // Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2021. Vol. 16, no. 3. P. 446–448. doi: 10.2215/CJN.11470720.Raina R., Mawby I., Chakraborty R., Sethi S. K., Mathur K., Mahesh S., Forbes M. Acute kidney injury in COVID-19 pediatric patients in North America: Analysis of the virtual pediatric systems data // PLOS ONE. 2022. Vol. 17, no. 4. P. e0266737. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266737.Raina R., Mawby I., Chakraborty R., Sethi S. K., Mathur K., Mahesh S., Forbes M. Acute kidney injury in COVID-19 pediatric patients in North America: Analysis of the virtual pediatric systems data // PLOS ONE. 2022. Vol. 17, no. 4. P. e0266737. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266737.Derespina K. R., Kaushik S., Plichta A., Conway E. E. Jr., Bercow A., Choi J., Eisenberg R., Gillen J., Sen A. I., Hennigan C. M., Zerihun L. M., Doymaz S., Keenaghan M. A., Jarrin S., Oulds F., Gupta M., Pierre L., Grageda M., Ushay H. M., Nadkarni V. M., Agus M. S. D., Medar S. S. Clinical manifestations and outcomes of critically ill children and adolescents with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City // The Journal of Pediatrics. 2020. Vol. 226. P. 55–63. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.07.039.Derespina K. R., Kaushik S., Plichta A., Conway E. E. Jr., Bercow A., Choi J., Eisenberg R., Gillen J., Sen A. I., Hennigan C. M., Zerihun L. M., Doymaz S., Keenaghan M. A., Jarrin S., Oulds F., Gupta M., Pierre L., Grageda M., Ushay H. M., Nadkarni V. M., Agus M. S. D., Medar S. S. Clinical manifestations and outcomes of critically ill children and adolescents with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City // The Journal of Pediatrics. 2020. Vol. 226. P. 55–63. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.07.039.Grimaud M., Starck J., Levy M., Marais C., Chareyre J., Khraiche D., Leruez-Ville M., Quartier P., Léger P. L., Geslain G, Semaan N, Moulin F, Bendavid M, Jean S, Poncelet G, Renolleau S, Oualha M. Acute myocarditis and multisystem inflammatory emerging disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection in critically ill children // Ann Intensive Care. 2020. Vol. 10. P. 6968. doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-00690-8.Grimaud M., Starck J., Levy M., Marais C., Chareyre J., Khraiche D., Leruez-Ville M., Quartier P., Léger P. L., Geslain G, Semaan N, Moulin F, Bendavid M, Jean S, Poncelet G, Renolleau S, Oualha M. Acute myocarditis and multisystem inflammatory emerging disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection in critically ill children // Ann Intensive Care. 2020. Vol. 10. P. 6968. doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-00690-8.Kari J. A., Shalaby M. A., Albanna A. S., Alahmadi T. S., Alherbish A., Alhasan K. A. Acute kidney injury in children with COVID-19: a retrospective study // BMC Nephrol. 2021. Vol. 22, no. 1. P. 202. doi: 10.1186/s12882-021-02389-9.Kari J. A., Shalaby M. A., Albanna A. S., Alahmadi T. S., Alherbish A., Alhasan K. A. Acute kidney injury in children with COVID-19: a retrospective study // BMC Nephrol. 2021. Vol. 22, no. 1. P. 202. doi: 10.1186/s12882-021-02389-9.Mamishi S., Movahedi Z., Mohammadi M., Ziaee V., Khodabandeh M., Abdolsalehi M. R., Navaeian A., Heydari H., Mahmoudi S., Pourakbari B. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in 45 children: a first report from Iran // Epidemiol Infect. 2020. Vol. 148. P. e196. doi: 10.1017/S095026882000196X.Mamishi S., Movahedi Z., Mohammadi M., Ziaee V., Khodabandeh M., Abdolsalehi M. R., Navaeian A., Heydari H., Mahmoudi S., Pourakbari B. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in 45 children: a first report from Iran // Epidemiol Infect. 2020. Vol. 148. P. e196. doi: 10.1017/S095026882000196X.Stewart D. J., Hartley J. C., Johnson M., Marks S. D., du Pré P., Stojanovic J. Renal dysfunction in hospitalised children with COVID-19 // Lancet Child Adolesc. Health. 2020. Vol. 4, no. 8. P. e28–e29. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30178-4.Stewart D. J., Hartley J. C., Johnson M., Marks S. D., du Pré P., Stojanovic J. Renal dysfunction in hospitalised children with COVID-19 // Lancet Child Adolesc. Health. 2020. Vol. 4, no. 8. P. e28–e29. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30178-4.Livingston E., Bucher K. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy // JAMA. 2020. Vol. 323, no. 14. P. 1335. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.4344.Livingston E., Bucher K. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy // JAMA. 2020. Vol. 323, no. 14. P. 1335. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.4344.Tagarro A., Epalza C., Santos M., Sanz-Santaeufemia F. J., Otheo E., Moraleda C., Calvo C. Screening and Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Children in Madrid, Spain // JAMA Pediatr. 2020. Vol. 174, no. 10. P. 1009. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1346.Tagarro A., Epalza C., Santos M., Sanz-Santaeufemia F. J., Otheo E., Moraleda C., Calvo C. Screening and Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Children in Madrid, Spain // JAMA Pediatr. 2020. Vol. 174, no. 10. P. 1009. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1346.Krishnasamy S., Mantan M., Mishra K., Kapoor K., Brijwal M., Kumar M., Sharma S., Swarnim S., Gaind R., Khandelwal P., Hari P., Sinha A., Bagga A. SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with chronic kidney disease // Pediatr. Nephrol. 2022. Vol. 37, no. 4. P. 849–857. doi: 10.1007/s00467-021-05218-1.Krishnasamy S., Mantan M., Mishra K., Kapoor K., Brijwal M., Kumar M., Sharma S., Swarnim S., Gaind R., Khandelwal P., Hari P., Sinha A., Bagga A. SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with chronic kidney disease // Pediatr. Nephrol. 2022. Vol. 37, no. 4. P. 849–857. doi: 10.1007/s00467-021-05218-1.Marlais M., Wlodkowski T., Al-Akash S., Ananin P., Bandi V. K., Baudouin V., Boyer O., Vásquez L., Govindan S., Hooman N., Ijaz I., Loza R., Melgosa M., Pande N., Pape L., Saha A., Samsonov D., Schreuder M. F., Sharma J., Siddiqui S., Sinha R., Stewart H., Tasic V., Tönshoff B., Twombley K., Upadhyay K., Vivarelli M., Weaver D. J., Woroniecki R., Schaefer F., Tullus K. COVID-19 in children treated with immunosuppressive medication for kidney diseases // Arch. Dis. Child. 2020. Vol. 106, no. 8. P.798–801. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320616.Marlais M., Wlodkowski T., Al-Akash S., Ananin P., Bandi V. K., Baudouin V., Boyer O., Vásquez L., Govindan S., Hooman N., Ijaz I., Loza R., Melgosa M., Pande N., Pape L., Saha A., Samsonov D., Schreuder M. F., Sharma J., Siddiqui S., Sinha R., Stewart H., Tasic V., Tönshoff B., Twombley K., Upadhyay K., Vivarelli M., Weaver D. J., Woroniecki R., Schaefer F., Tullus K. COVID-19 in children treated with immunosuppressive medication for kidney diseases // Arch. Dis. Child. 2020. Vol. 106, no. 8. P.798–801. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320616.Blumfield E., Levin T. L., Kurian J., Lee E. Y., Liszewski M. C. Imaging findings in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) // American Journal of Roentgenology. 2021. Vol. 216, no. 2. P. 507–517. doi: 10.2214/AJR.20.24032.Blumfield E., Levin T. L., Kurian J., Lee E. Y., Liszewski M. C. Imaging findings in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) // American Journal of Roentgenology. 2021. Vol. 216, no. 2. P. 507–517. doi: 10.2214/AJR.20.24032.Berteloot L., Berthaud R., Temmam S., Lozach C., Zanelli E., Blanc T., Heloury Y., Capito C., Chardot C., Sarnacki S., Garcelon N., Lacaille F., Charbit M., Pastural M., Rabant M., Boddaert N., Leruez-Ville M., Eloit M, Sermet-Gaudelus I., Dehoux L., Boyer O. Arterial abnormalities identified in kidneys transplanted into children during the COVID-19 pandemic // American Journal of Transplantation. 2020. Vol. 21, no. 5. P. 1937–1943. doi: 10.1111/ajt.16464.Berteloot L., Berthaud R., Temmam S., Lozach C., Zanelli E., Blanc T., Heloury Y., Capito C., Chardot C., Sarnacki S., Garcelon N., Lacaille F., Charbit M., Pastural M., Rabant M., Boddaert N., Leruez-Ville M., Eloit M, Sermet-Gaudelus I., Dehoux L., Boyer O. Arterial abnormalities identified in kidneys transplanted into children during the COVID-19 pandemic // American Journal of Transplantation. 2020. Vol. 21, no. 5. P. 1937–1943. doi: 10.1111/ajt.16464.Golberstein E., Wen H., Miller B. F. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and mental health for children and adolescents // JAMA Pediatr. 2020. Vol. 174, no. 9. P. 819–820. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1456.Golberstein E., Wen H., Miller B. F. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and mental health for children and adolescents // JAMA Pediatr. 2020. Vol. 174, no. 9. P. 819–820. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1456.Harper L., Bagli D., Kaefer M., Kalfa N., Beckers G. M. A., Nieuwhof-Leppink A. J., Fossum M., Herbst K. W. COVID-19 and research in pediatric urology // Journal of Pediatric Urology. 2021. Vol. 17, no. 4. P. 569–570. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.04.004.Harper L., Bagli D., Kaefer M., Kalfa N., Beckers G. M. A., Nieuwhof-Leppink A. J., Fossum M., Herbst K. W. COVID-19 and research in pediatric urology // Journal of Pediatric Urology. 2021. Vol. 17, no. 4. P. 569–570. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.04.004.Hatoun J., Correa E. T., Donahue S. M. A., Vernacchio L. Social distancing for COVID-19 and diagnoses of other infectious diseases in children // Pediatrics. 2020. Vol. 146, no. 4. P. e2020006460. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-006460.Hatoun J., Correa E. T., Donahue S. M. A., Vernacchio L. Social distancing for COVID-19 and diagnoses of other infectious diseases in children // Pediatrics. 2020. Vol. 146, no. 4. P. e2020006460. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-006460.Liguoro I., Pilotto C., Vergine M., Pusiol A., Vidal E., Cogo P. The impact of COVID-19 on a tertiary care pediatric emergency department // European Journal of Pediatrics. 2021. Vol. 180. P. 1497–1504. doi: 10.1007/s00431-020-03909-9.Liguoro I., Pilotto C., Vergine M., Pusiol A., Vidal E., Cogo P. The impact of COVID-19 on a tertiary care pediatric emergency department // European Journal of Pediatrics. 2021. Vol. 180. P. 1497–1504. doi: 10.1007/s00431-020-03909-9.Flores-Mireles A., Walker J., Caparon M., Hultgren S. J. Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options // Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2015. Vol. 13. P. 269–284. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro3432.Flores-Mireles A., Walker J., Caparon M., Hultgren S. J. Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options // Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2015. Vol. 13. P. 269–284. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro3432.Twaij M. Urinary tract infection in children: a review of its pathogenesis and risk factors // The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health. 2000. Vol. 120, no. 4. P. 220–226. doi: 10.1177/146642400012000408.Twaij M. Urinary tract infection in children: a review of its pathogenesis and risk factors // The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health. 2000. Vol. 120, no. 4. P. 220–226. doi: 10.1177/146642400012000408.Kuitunen I., Artama, M., Haapanen, M., Renko M. Urinary tract infections decreased in Finnish children during the COVID-19 pandemic // European Journal of Pediatrics. 2022. Vol. 181. P. 1979–1984. doi: 10.1007/s00431-022-04389-9.Kuitunen I., Artama, M., Haapanen, M., Renko M. Urinary tract infections decreased in Finnish children during the COVID-19 pandemic // European Journal of Pediatrics. 2022. Vol. 181. P. 1979–1984. doi: 10.1007/s00431-022-04389-9.Urinary tract infections (2019) Current care guidelines. Working group set by the Finnish Society of Infectious Diseases, Finnish Society of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Paediatric Society, Finnish Urology Association and The Finnish Association of General Practitioners. Helsinki: The Finnish Medical Society Duodecim. Accessed 10 Jun 2021. URL: www.kaypahoito.fi (In Finnish).Urinary tract infections (2019) Current care guidelines. Working group set by the Finnish Society of Infectious Diseases, Finnish Society of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Paediatric Society, Finnish Urology Association and The Finnish Association of General Practitioners. Helsinki: The Finnish Medical Society Duodecim. Accessed 10 Jun 2021. URL: www.kaypahoito.fi (In Finnish).Sterky E., Olsson-Åkefeldt S., Hertting O., Herlenius E., Alfven T., Ryd Rinder M., Rhedin S., Hildenwall H. Persistent symptoms in Swedish children after hospitalisation due to COVID-19 // Acta Paediatr. 2021. Vol. 110, no. 9. P. 2578–2580. doi: 10.1111/apa.15999.Sterky E., Olsson-Åkefeldt S., Hertting O., Herlenius E., Alfven T., Ryd Rinder M., Rhedin S., Hildenwall H. Persistent symptoms in Swedish children after hospitalisation due to COVID-19 // Acta Paediatr. 2021. Vol. 110, no. 9. P. 2578–2580. doi: 10.1111/apa.15999.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.