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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">astmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Астраханский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Astrakhan medical journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-6499</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО Астраханский ГМУ Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.48612/agmu/2022.17.4.31.40</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">astmed-186</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РОЛЬ ИММУНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТИ В ПОДДЕРЖАНИИ ГОМЕОСТАЗА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE ROLE OF IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE IN MAINTAINING HOMEOSTASIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тибирькова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tibirkova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Викторовна Тибирькова, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры иммунологии и аллергологии медико-биологического факультета </p><p>Волгоград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Tibirkova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of Department </p><p>Volgograd</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena_tibirkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белан</surname><given-names>Э. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belan</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Элеонора Борисовна Белан, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой иммунологии и аллергологии медико-биологического факультета  </p><p>Волгоград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eleonora B. Belan, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Department </p><p>Volgograd</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belan.eleonora@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Желтова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zheltova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Александровна Желтова, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры иммунологии и аллергологии медико-биологического факультета </p><p>Волгоград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya A. Zheltova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of Department </p><p>Volgograd</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zheltovaa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Садчикова</surname><given-names>Т. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sadchikova</surname><given-names>T. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Леонтьевна Садчикова, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры иммунологии и аллергологии медико-биологического факультета </p><p>Волгоград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tat'yana L. Sadchikova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of Department </p><p>Volgograd</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sadchikovatl@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тибирькова Е.В., Белан Э.Б., Желтова А.А., Садчикова Т.Л., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тибирькова Е.В., Белан Э.Б., Желтова А.А., Садчикова Т.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tibirkova E.V., Belan E.B., Zheltova A.A., Sadchikova T.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.astmedj.ru/jour/article/view/186">https://www.astmedj.ru/jour/article/view/186</self-uri><abstract><p>Важную роль в поддержании антигенного гомеостаза организма играет иммунологическая толерантность, под которой понимают состояние ареактивности в отношении того или иного антигена, возникающее в результате предшествующего контакта с этим антигеном. Наиболее важна для человека толерантность к собственным антигенам (аутотолерантность), так как неотвечаемость системы иммунитета на собственные антигены предохраняет организм от аутоагрессии. Механизмы иммунной системы, позволяющие блокировать агрессию против собственных клеток и тканей, условно поделены на центральные и периферические. Центральная толерантность индуцируется в центральных органах иммуногенеза (тимусе и костном мозге) и ограничивает аутореактивность Т- и В-лимфоцитов. В дополнение к центральной существует несколько уровней периферической толерантности (подавление потенциально аутореактивных Т- и B-клеток в периферических тканях). На каждом уровне действуют свои молекулярные и клеточные механизмы.Особый вид толерантности наблюдается у матери к антигенам плода в период его вынашивания.Ареактивность к чужеродным антигенам (искусственную иммунологическую толерантность) можно индуцировать различными способами. Искусственная толерантность бывает двух видов: высокодозная и низкодозная. Индукция такой толерантности имеет большое практическое значение, она используется для решения многих важных проблем медицины, таких как пересадка органов и тканей, подавление аутоиммунных реакций, лечение аллергических заболеваний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Immunological tolerance plays an important role in maintaining the antigenic homeostasis of the body. Immunological tolerance is a state of areactivity with an antigen that occurs as a result of the previous contact with this antigen. The most important thing for a person is tolerance to own antigens (autotolerance) since the non-response of the immune system to own antigens protects the body from autoagression. The mechanisms of the immune system that allow blocking aggression against own cells and tissues are divided into central and peripheral. Central tolerance is induced in the central organs of immunogenesis (thymus and bone marrow) and limits the autoreactivity of T- and B-lymphocytes. In addition to the central one, there are several levels of peripheral tolerance (suppression of potentially autoreactive T- and B-cells in peripheral tissues). Each level has its own molecular and cellular mechanisms. A special type of tolerance is observed at mother to fetal antigens during its gestation. Areactivity to foreign antigens (artificial immunological tolerance) can be induced in various ways. There are two types of artificial tolerance: high-dose and low-dose. The induction of such tolerance has great practical importance. It is used to solve many important medical problems, such as organ and tissue transplantation, suppression of autoimmune reactions, and treatment of allergic diseases. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гомеостаз</kwd><kwd>иммунологическая толерантность</kwd><kwd>клональная делеция</kwd><kwd>клональная анергия</kwd><kwd>Т-регуляторные клетки</kwd><kwd>аллерген-специфическая иммунотерапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>homeostasis</kwd><kwd>immunological tolerance</kwd><kwd>clonal deletion</kwd><kwd>clonal anergia</kwd><kwd>T-regulatory cells</kwd><kwd>allergen-specific immunotherapy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы декларируют отсутствие внешнего финансирования для проведения исследования и публикации статьи.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors declare that there is no external funding for the exploration and analysis work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burnet F. 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